Clinical Chemistry Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Clinical Chemistry - Lab Report Example These tests might be utilized to screen the advancement of kidney brokenness, to assess kidney work preceding a few methodology, for example, a CT (processed tomography) examine, to compute a creatinine freedom: gauges how adequately the kidneys are separating little particles like creatinine out of the blood. Pee creatinine may likewise be utilized with an assortment of other pee tests as a kind of rectification factor. Serum creatinine is utilized to figure the evaluated glomerular filtration rate (EGFR), which is utilized as a screening test to search for proof of kidney harm. (Creatinine) 21. The substance equation of cocaine is C17H21NO4 , and Crack is [C16H20NO4 ] is fundamentally the same as to be sure. The two of them contain same number of carbon particles and oxygen however while customary cocaine has a separated NH+ and Cl-, Crack cocaine is an amine since it contains a nitrogen molecule attached to three carbons. 22. Cocaine Hydrochloride can be changed over into break by dissolving powder cocaine is broken down in a blend of water and sodium bicarbonate (heating pop). Heating soft drink with substance equation NaHCO3 is presently regularly utilized as a base instead of alkali for reasons of brought down smell and harmfulness. The blend is bubbled to isolate out the strong, and afterward it's cooled. The strong is then evaporated and cut into little pieces, or shakes. (Watson, n.a). The response is continues as follows: 23.

Memoirs of a student in manila free essay sample

At the point when I had not yet observed different waterways aside from the stream of my town, crystalline and gay in its twisting course, concealed by mumbling bamboo forests; when my reality was just encompassed by the somewhat blue piles of my territory and the white surface of the lake that I recognized from after through certain remnants, shining like a mirror and loaded up with elegant sails, I like stories definitely and I accepted with my entire existence everything the books contained, persuaded that what was printed should perforce be reality. Furthermore, why not, since my folks, who rebuffed me for the littlest untruth, insistently appreciated me to take care of my books, to peruse them tirelessly and get them. My first recognition concerning letters returns to my most punctual age. I should be exceptionally little yet in light of the fact that when they cleaned the floor of our home with banana leaves, I would at present fall slipping on the sparkling surface as did the little gifted skaters on ice. We will compose a custom article test on Journals of an understudy in manila or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page It was as yet hard for me to ascend a seat, I went down the steps bit by bit, clutching each baluster, and in our home as in the entire town, oil was obscure, or had I seen until that time any quinque, (34) nor had any carriage at any point went through the lanes of my town that I accepted to be the summum(35) of satisfaction and liveliness. One night, when everyone at home was at that point sleeping, when all the lights in the globes (36) had just been put out by passing them over by methods for a bended tin tube which appeared to me the most stunning and brilliant toy on the planet, I don’t know why my mom and I had remained viewing close to the main light that in every Philippine house consumed throughout the night, and that went out definitely at day break waking the individuals with its happy murmuring. My mom at that point was as yet youthful. After a shower her hair which she let down to dry, hauled a large portion of a handbreadth on the floor, by which reason she hitched its end. She instructed me to peruse in Amigo de los Ninos, an exceptionally uncommon book, an old version, which had lost its spread and which an extremely productive sister of mine had secured again by sticking on its back a thick blue paper, the remainder of the wrapper of an electrical jolt. My mom without a doubt irritated at hearing me read desolately, for, as I didn’t get Spanish, I was unable to offer significance to the expressions, removed the book from me. In the wake of reproving me for the drawings I had made on its pages, with legs and arms broadened like a cross, she started to peruse requesting that I follow her model. My mom, when she cold despite everything see, read well indeed, presented, and realized how to make stanzas. How frequently during Christmas excursion a while later, she remedied my sonnets, mentioning extremely well-suited objective facts. I tuned in to her loaded with whimsical adoration. Wondering about the straightforwardness with which she made them and at the vibrant expressions that she cold get from certain pages that cost me such a great amount of exertion to peruse and that I deciphered haltingly. Maybe my ears before long became weary of hearing sounds that to me amounted to nothing. Maybe because of my normal interruption, I concentrated on the perusing and observed all the more intently the sprightly fire around which some little moths vacillated with fun loving and lopsided flight, maybe I yawned, be it what it may, the case was that my mom, understanding the little intrigue that I appeared, halted her perusing and said to me: â€Å"I’m going to peruse to you a pretty story; be mindful. † Upon hearing the word story I opened my eyes anticipating another and magnificent one. I took a gander at my mom who leafed through the book as though searching for it, and I prepared to tune in with eagerness and marvel. I didn’t suspect that in that old book that I read without comprehension, there could be stories and pretty stories. My mom started to peruse to me the tale of the youthful and the old moths, making an interpretation of it to me piece by piece into Tagalog. At the primary refrains my consideration increased so that I looked towards the light and fixed my consideration on the moths that rippled around it. The story couldn't have been increasingly fortunate. My mom stressed and remarked a lot on the alerts of the old moth and guided them to me as though to disclose to me that these concerned me. I tuned in to her and what an uncommon marvel the light appeared to me progressively excellent each time, the fire more splendid, and I even begrudged intuitively the destiny of those bugs that played so merrily in its supernatural exhalation. Those that had capitulated were suffocated in the oil; they didn’t startle me. My mom proceeded with her perusing, I listened restlessly, and the destiny of the two creepy crawlies intrigued me strongly. The light upset its brilliant tongue on one side, a seared moth in one of these developments fell into the oil, applauded its wings for at some point and kicked the bucket. That expected for me that the fire and the moths were moving far away, exceptionally far, and that my mother’s voice procured an unusual, sepulchral timbre. My mom completed the tale. I was not tuning in; all my consideration, all my brain and every one of my musings were focused on the destiny of that moth, youthful, dead, loaded with hallucinations. â€Å"You see? † my mom said to me taking me to bed. â€Å"Don’t emulate the youthful moth and don’t be defiant; you’ll get singed like it. † I don’t know whether I answered, guaranteed something, or cried. The main thing I recall is that it required some investment before I could rest. That story had uncovered to m e tings obscure to me up to that point. To me moths stopped to be irrelevant creepy crawlies; moths talked and realized how to caution and prompt just as my mom did. The light appeared to be progressively excellent, stunning, appealing. I comprehend why moths vacillated around lights. Advices and admonitions resonated weakly in my ears. What distracted me more than anything else was the passing of the rash, however at the base of my heart, I didn’t accuse it. My mother’s anxiety didn’t have all the achievement that she trusted it would. No; numerous years have slipped by; the kid has become a man; has furrowed [sailed Zaide] the most popular outside waterways and contemplated other than their bountiful streams. The steamship has taken him over the oceans and all the seas; he has ascended the area of unending snow on mountains particularly higher than the Makiling of his territory. For a fact he has gotten unpleasant exercises, goodness, boundlessly more than the sweet exercise that his mom gave him, and by and by the man saves the core of a kid and he accepts that light is the most wonderful thing there is in creation and that it is commendable for a man to forfeit his life for it.

How to Break a Pornography Addiction

How to Break a Pornography Addiction Relationships Spouses & Partners Marital Problems Print How to Break a Porn Addiction By Wayne Parker Waynes background in life coaching along with his work helping organizations to build family-friendly policies, gives him a unique perspective on fathering. Learn about our editorial policy Wayne Parker Reviewed by Reviewed by Amy Morin, LCSW on July 01, 2019 facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our Wellness Board Amy Morin, LCSW Updated on February 04, 2020 More in Relationships Spouses & Partners Marital Problems LGBTQ Violence and Abuse Pornography addiction is something we will often kid about but is ultimately a behavior that can seriously damage relationships and take precedence over more important functions and responsibilities in your life. What separates a porn addiction from a keen interest in porn is the negative consequences of your behavior. With a porn addiction, the behavior is considered compulsive, wherein you would spend an inordinate amount of time watching porn instead of interacting with others or completing important tasks. Moreover, the behavior would persist even if it harms your career, relationships, or state of well-being. Verywell / Emily Roberts Is Porn Addiction Real? While many health and psychiatric professionals do not consider porn addiction to an addiction in the clinical sense of the word, the signs and symptoms are often strikingly similar to those  of alcohol or drug addiction. While the American Psychiatric Association (APA) made some effort to categorize porn addiction in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5)â€"proposing that it be a subcategory of hypersexual disorderâ€" the scientific board eventually concluded that there was not enough evidence to support the diagnosis. Sex Addiction and Hypersexual Disorder Some psychiatrists have questioned whether the behavior should be classified as a compulsive disorder more along the lines of a drug or alcohol addiction. Their argument largely stems from changes in brain activity that are strikingly similar to those seen in habitual drug users. According to a 2015 study published in the journal Behavioral Science, an electroencephalogram (EEG) can detect characteristic changes in brain activity whenever porn is viewed, specifically a reactive event called P300 which can occur within 300 milliseconds of viewing.?? This is the same response, argue the researchers, that occurs when a drug user views drug-related paraphernalia or images. While the association on its own is hardly conclusive, it does suggest that porn addiction has a physiological as well as a psychiatric component. Moreover, viewing behavior meets at least two of the four clinical conditions associated with addiction, namely: Impaired control, by which there is a craving to partake in an activity as well as failed attempts to cut down or control the activitySocial problems, by which you fail to complete major tasks at work, school, or home and/or have given up trying On the other hand, a porn addiction fails to meet the definition in that it is not inherently associated with risk-taking and does not involve tolerance (a need for larger amounts to get the same effect) or withdrawal (an adverse reaction when stopping). While some would argue that these can occur with porn addiction, the association is generally inconsistent or vague. Symptoms None of these arguments can detract from the serious harm a porn addiction can do, both to yourself and those around you. Some of the warning signs a porn addiction include: Being consumed with thoughts of porn even when you are not actively viewing itViewing porn on your cell phone during work or in social situations where you might be seenFeeling ashamed, guilty, or depressed about your porn viewingContinuing to watch porn despite any harm it has had, is having, or may have on your relationship, work, or home lifeExperiencing reduced sexual satisfaction with a partner when pornography is not involvedKeeping your porn secret from your spouse or domestic partnerGetting upset when asked to cut back or stop using pornLosing track of time when viewing pornTrying and failing to quit According to a study from the Kinsey Institute, a research center dedicated to the study of human sexuality, approximately 9 percent of habitual porn viewers reported unsuccessful attempts to stop. The researchers also found that habitual viewers had a greater incidence of erectile dysfunction and low libido, further differentiating healthy porn viewing from potentially harmful compulsive behaviors. Treatment If your porn viewing has become compulsive and is interfering with how you feel about yourself and/or your ability to function, you need to admit that you have a problem. That is the first and most important step. Irrespective of whether the psychiatric community considers porn a true addiction, it is important that you treat it as such. Dismissing it as less of a problem than other forms of addiction may only allow you to take it less seriously. Rather than dealing with it on your own and going cold turkey, make every effort to find a professional experienced in treating sexual dysfunction. The American Society of Sexuality Educators, Counselors, and Therapists (ASSECT) offer an online locator to find qualified therapists in your state. The editors of Psychology Today operate a similar locator, allowing you to search by city, zip code, or name. Find a Professional Online to Talk to Today In the end, you need to find a psychologist able to employ the most effective treatment methods, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), so that you can begin to develop effective relapse prevention skills.?? While it may be uncomfortable exposing truths about your behaviors and thoughts, doing so can ensure the most effective and durable results. It is only by bringing your addiction into the light that you can answer some bigger questions about yourself and find resolutions to make you happier and your life more stable and productive.

Computer Hardware - 935 Words

It seems that in today s world nothing can be done without a computer, but upon a closer look, you will find that it is the hardware components and input and output devices that make a computer useful. What is it that determines the speed at which a computer can find a file? How do you get a report from your PC to the members of your next Board meeting? It is the hardware that is used with your computer that allows you to accomplish all of your business needs using your computer. Data input is the collection of raw data that is used to find needed information. Data input is an important part of any business, but different businesses have different needs when it comes to input devices. Some common business needs and the best data†¦show more content†¦Below are some components that contribute to the speed, and the way in which they affect it; RAM- RAM affects the speed of the computer because of its size. The more RAM you have the more data that can be stored and quickly accessed by the CPU. Clock speed- The clock speed is important because it determines the speed at which the CPU can send instructions. Data on hard disk- Data on a hard disk is direct access storage and can be accesses in seconds. Data on CD ROM- CD ROM s are also direct access storage but are not as fast due to limitation in read speed of the CD ROM drive. Data on floppy disk- Only small amounts of data can be stored on a floppy disk, and because it is sequential storage, it is slower that other media types. As you can see, if a computer was just a computer it wouldn t be of much use to us. Thankfully, there have been many different inventions that have made the computer the most useful tool for just about any application. Through storage of input data and the output of information, computers have made companies more organized, more efficient, more successful, and more profitable. References Stair, R and Reynolds, G (2006), Fundamentals of Information Systems, 3e. CourseShow MoreRelatedComputer Hardware Engineering1185 Words   |  5 PagesComputer Hardware Engineering Computer hardware engineers research, develop, and test computer systems and components such as processors, circuit boards, memory devices, and many more (Bureau of Labor Statistics). They design new computer hardware, create blueprints of computer equipment to be built. Test the completed models of the computer hardware that they design. Update existing equipment so that it will work will new software. Oversee the manufacturing process for the computer hardware. MaintainRead MoreComputer Hardware Assignment3019 Words   |  13 PagesCOMPUTER HARDWARE HIT 1403. Assignment 1 Bektemir Kassymov           Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................................3    Hard Disk .....................................................................................................................................5    History   of   hard   disks.   .................................................................................................Read MoreComputer Hardware Essay797 Words   |  4 PagesComputer Hardware Assignment The Components of the System Unit Name: Jeffery L Jenkins  · The System Unit: Motherboard Navigate to: http://youtu.be/xcvMgWb-ufY View the video: Intel DP67BGB3 Desktop Extreme Board  · What processors fits into this motherboard? Intel 3, 5, 7  · How much memory will the motherboard support? 32 GB of DDR3  · List at least three different ports provided on the motherboard. sata, firewire, Ethernet, hd audio port, 8 2.0 usb ports, 2 3.0 usb ports Read MoreDesktop Hardware And The Computer1016 Words   |  5 PagesDesktop Hardware Would you know how to fix your computer if it crashed and started to malfunction? What if some parts were not working? Knowing desktop hardware if you own a computer is important. Say if one part of your computer is malfunctioning and you knew which part, you could easily replace that part if it is able to be replaced. The parts of the computer could save you money and time for yourself instead of purchasing a brand new computer. 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Through their work, computer hardware engineers get a wide range of opportunity, but they are also loaded with seemingly endless work on their hands. Ultimately, computer hardware engineering provides a cause for innovative thinkers and creative designers, labeling it as a job worth pursuing. Computer historyRead MoreBasic Computer Hardware and Software1712 Words   |  7 PagesThe Basic Computer Hardware Central Processing Unit: The central unit is the basic part of the computer and includes all the main computer parts. It is the heart of the computer system. It is responsible for executing, or running the software. The software programs are translated into a series of codes made up of 1s to 0s that the CPU can understand. Every code means a certain operation should take place. A CPU has various discrete units to help it in these tasks for example there is an arithmeticRead MoreEssay on Computer Hardware and Software1482 Words   |  6 PagesIdentify hardware and software needed to secure your choice of networks against all electronic threats. Networking hardware is hardware that is used to help work stations connect to a server. Although there are many different kinds of hardware like bridges, network cards the networking hardware that I have chosen to use in within my company’s network are routers, firewalls and switches. Using both routers and firewalls will help protect not only wireless networks but also those networks that useRead MoreComputer Hardware Developments That Affect The Business Use Of Computers1011 Words   |  5 PagesQuestion Four What are several important computer hardware developments that you expect to happen in the next 10 years? How will these affect the business use of computers? Hardware is any type of computer system that contains circuit boards, ICs, along with other electronics. Hardware is categorized in two ways: external hardware and internal hardware. External hardware is the devices such as the keyboard, mouse, printer, speakers, and thumb drives. Internal hardware consists of items like the motherboardRead MoreAssignment On The Function Of Computer Hardware Components3953 Words   |  16 PagesAssignment brief – QCF BTEC Assignment front sheet Qualification Unit number and title BTEC Level 3 Diploma in IT UNIT 2 – Computer Systems Credit Value: 10 Course Code: (M/601/6630) Learner name Assessor name Dovydas Sabaliauskas Terence Wong Date issued Hand in deadline Submitted on 29 October 2014 9 November 2014 Assignment title U2_A1_P1P2P3M1D1 Computer systems components In this assessment you will have opportunities to provide evidence against the following criteria. Indicate

The Artifacts Of The Past - 2785 Words

To understand the past, we have to understand the artefacts of the past. Artefacts show us another kind of history, and another way of approaching the past. Not only do they frame the way we interact with the world, they also influence the way we think about it as a whole. So when one questions the ownership of these artefacts, they also question the history behind it. Because the history of art is, for the most part, a history of theft; questions over its ownership are bound to ensue. So, how do we decide who owns art, and subsequently, history? Prevailing postcolonial ideologies, might characterise museums as imperial despoilers in which their possession of artefacts showcase the dispossession of cultural identity from the colonised,†¦show more content†¦Polybius was one of the first historians to criticise the Romans and their actions, and since only fragments of his ninth book have been preserved, the full extent of Polybius’ criticism is unattainable. However his strong disapproval of the seizure of the Syracusan art is clearly evident. Polybius stated, â€Å"a city is not adorned by external splendours, but by the virtue of its inhabitants† (Polybius, c.200 - c.118 BC). He presented two rhetorical arguments against the removal of Syracusan art. Firstly, he claimed that art contributed nothing to the power and expansion of the city. Additionally, he also questioned whether the victors could become great while living simply. If they could, why should they imitate the weaker people they defeated? (Miles, 2008). Polybius stated that victors â€Å"should not strip the cities under the idea that the misfortunes of another are an ornament to their own country† (Polybius, c.200 - c.118 BC). However, historian Erich S. Gruen argues that Polybius’ criticism of Roman extraction of art from Syracuse was a â€Å"tactical error rather than a moral failure†, as Polybius himself was bound by the envy and fear of what the art wo uld incite in regards to Greco-Roman relations (Gruen, 1992). Art looting became a standard practice after Napoleon took over the French army. Looting was undertaken to raise funds to support the war effort, and to elevate morale in Paris. Under Napoleon, the Louvre museum became anShow MoreRelatedThe Life Of The Smithsonian National Museum Of Natural History897 Words   |  4 Pages At the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History there is an exhibit called â€Å"Eternal Life in Ancient Egypt†. This exhibit focuses on Egypt’s past with important and interesting artifacts related to burial techniques and religious beliefs. The most simple answer to why it is important to understand the way people lived in the past is that we can’t truly know ourselves until we understand where we came from. This essay will analyze the exhibit to show what it’s telling us and why it is soRead MoreControversial Issues in Archaelogy1011 Words   |  4 Pagesportra yed as a fearless fedora-wearing archaeologist, and his goal is to collect artifacts and preserve them in museums. While the field of archaeology is exciting, and the idea of partaking in perilous adventures may seem alluring, the archaeologist was depicted in an incorrect manner. An archaeologist is someone who studies human history through the excavation of sites and the examination of artifacts. Archaeologists study the past to learn more about the lives and cultures of people before. The scienceRead More Archaeology Essay828 Words   |  4 Pagesunderstanding of the past in order to proceed into the future. 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With the guidance of Binford, New Archaeology employed scientific approaches for studying and interpreting past culturesRead MoreThe Discovery Of The Indian Caribbean Museum Of Trinidad And Tobago1283 Words   |  6 Pagesmuseum is a small flat building which consists of ancient artifacts. The museum s large collection has been acquired through field trips by managers of the institution. The collection of artifacts comprises of old items such as musical instruments, agricultural objects, cooking utensils, pieces of clothing, ancient photographs and historical books. These different artifacts are separated by glass cases and are properly labeled. Some artifacts were placed on tables and on the floor. Brief HistoryRead MoreArchaeology and Ethics1357 Words   |  6 Pagesorganizations. The archaeologists should not have hidden the artifacts in a tree. The pots could have been damaged or found by another party who might not understand or appreciate their value. Now, while this may be true, the text also says: â€Å"They searched for the pots and found them still safe in the tree.† So, while the ethics were unsound, in this particular case no damage was done. However, just because in this instance the artifacts retained their quality, it cannot be said that every situationRead MoreImportance Of Chemical Analysis Of Anthropology Is Not A Word That Crosses People s Minds1103 Words   |  5 Pagesanthropology – that is, the study of human past and all that entails – and its subfield, archaeology is, often think of both as one-dimensional fields, when in reality, they are so much more. Anthropology is a multi-disciplinary field of study combining various sciences, social and otherwise, to work together to paint a complete picture of humankind, one of the most complex species to ever walk on the planet, while archaeology is the study of human past through material remains. It is, thereforeRead MoreEssay On Traditional Construction Of History1000 Words   |  4 PagesConstruction of History Does history over centuries truly define the past as its origin? Dr. Francis Pryor re-examines the origin of Britain in one of his series about Britain AD, â€Å"Britain AD – The Not So Dark Age.† His reinvestigation finds out a handful of evidences that disprove the written history regarding how Britain’s culture was formed. Pryor effectively explores the flaw in history through the idea of invasion, cultural artifacts, and the creation of identity. In the narrative, the idea of Anglo-SaxonRead MoreFenix Del Sur Case Analysis1318 Words   |  6 Pagesauthentic artifacts to collectors. After some of their clients insisted on an expanded product line, Fe’nix del Sur started producing replicas of their authentic artifacts. The replicas, in return, have broadened the company’s market to include gift buyers and individuals looking for decorative items. III. Organizational Analysis: Fe’nix del Sur is a reputable importer of authentic Southwestern jewelry and pottery for collectors. They originally sourced Hopi and Navajo artifacts, but in recentRead MoreEssay on Assignment Preparation693 Words   |  3 PagesEngineering. Think  of a software application (for example, a time tracking application) that you would like to put in for your past or present organization, or an organization that you have read about. Use  the table below to describe as clearly as you can, the specific artifacts in each phase, and an example of how the artifact would look like.    Phases Artifacts Inception Name of Artifact: Business case plans Content: Will explain the project the main idea. It will be who, what when where and why of the

History of Buddhism Free Essays

Dr. Klein describes the history of Buddhism, important figures in the movement and stories of the beginning of Buddhism. She discusses the nature of death in Buddhism, in several contexts. We will write a custom essay sample on History of Buddhism or any similar topic only for you Order Now Death is an incentive because once one realizes one’s human life will inevitably end, life becomes even more important. Motivation to make good use of one’s life exists because even though rebirth is guaranteed, the quality of that rebirth is not. The Buddhist focus on spiritual develpment will help one recognize the inevitability of death as well as face it without fear. The goal of a Buddhist to escape cyclic existence(enter heaven and avoid hell), is the first of element of religious practice in Indo-Tibetan tradition. The idea of rebirth leads to the next element which is compassion. With the idea of rebirth, comes a concern for others. The third essential religious practice is wisdom. In Buddhism, the process of dying consists of eight distinct visions that correspond with the consciousness leaving the specific parts of the body. Klein notes that a skilled mediator can simulate this experience at will giving them in control of the experience. This article is well organized and is based on a variety of different sources. It is very detailed and covers a wide scope of material related to Buddhism. Klein seems very informed on the topic but does not offer opinions or personal input. Buddhism fosters a view of personal responsibility instead of fatalism. This is a responsible concept for human beings to live by. Contemplating death to eliminate the fear is a concrete and real way to handle death. Also, not being overly dramatic when consoling the dying (as though not to cause feelings of regret) is a great idea. I think that is an interesting concept that can help the dying and the people consoling them deal with the experience in a more rational way. How to cite History of Buddhism, Papers

World History Centered on Europe

Questions: 1. Did this Eurocentric attitude and behavior have a lasting impact on the world as a whole? 2. In what ways did the close-minded and arrogant beliefs of these explorers impact the world and are these effects still evident today? 3. Did this behavior set up a system of racism and bigotry that is still felt in modern times? Answers: 1. Euro centrism refers to the practice of putting emphasis on European concern, values and cultures. The period 1400-1800 was the period for discovery and exploration. It was during this period that Europe tried to have a dominating influence over the whole world. They sailed around the world in huge sturdy ships to discover new lands. The Euro centric attitude had an impact upon the whole world. Regions around the globe bear names after European explorers and are in direction of Eurocentric view of the world. History of technology, science and mathematics is Eurocentric as they hardly refer to contributions from regions like India nad China. 2. European explorers had a positive effect upon the people of the rest of the world. The Europeans allowed them to change their ways of living, mostly for better. The European explorers spread Christianity. They influenced their fashion, beliefs, principles as well as religion. Europeans tried to make the world acquainted with technological advance. In present times also Europe has a great influence. Europe has successfully exerted its power throughout the world. Europe has succeeded in spreading its power all over the world because it has adapted itself to the modern world. They constructed ports and empires in Africa, Asia, North America and several other regions. One of their prime motives was to spread Christianity amongst the ones they have invaded. The Europeans had several other influences upon the people they invaded. They managed to change their religion, beliefs and principles. (Wallerstein) Thus we can say that Africans, Americans, Asians have been greatly influenced by t he Europeans. (Thornton) The European market is one of the most interconnected market in the world. Today Europe doesnot just make rules and regulations inside Europe but even outside Europe. Europe may be referred to as economic powerhouse. Europeans have greatly influenced the modern world with their achievements. It plays its power effectively. These are the ways in which Europeans had an impact on the world in early as well as present times. 3. Racism is the intolerance of a particular class of people bearing certain biological make up towards another bearing different biological make up which in turn leads to the domination of one class of people. Racism is based on differences that are unalterable and hereditary. Bigotry means bearing unfair intolerance towards a particular class of people. The evolution of racism may be traced to the times of European exploration. (Lander) As there increased encounter between more and more people the concepts of race began to develop. People were subjected to differential treatment depending upon the race to which they belonged. The more the Europeans came in contact with Asians and Africans the concepts of racism started gaining force. Slavery is one of the examples of racism practiced by the Europeans. The present century has seen a lot of changes as far as racism is concerned. Legislations have been enacted to prevent racism. Inspite of everything the ancient barriers between races still exist though they are invisible. (Ucelli and O'Neil) References Lander, Edgardo. 'Eurocentrism, Modern Knowledges, And The Natural  Order Of Global Capital'. Print. Thornton, John. Africa And Africans In The Making Of The Atlantic World, 1400-1800. 2nd ed. 1999. Print. Ucelli, Juliet, and Dennis O'Neil. 'Challenging Eurocentrism'. (2015): n. pag. Print. Wallerstein, Immanuel. 'Eurocentrism And Its Avatars- The Dilemmas Of Social Science'. Web. 15 May 2015.

The Conscious and Unconscious Analysis on the Life of Dr. Henry Jekyll and Mr. Edward Hyde Essay Example

The Conscious and Unconscious: Analysis on the Life of Dr. Henry Jekyll and Mr. Edward Hyde Essay The Conscious and Unconscious: Analysis on the Life of Dr. Henry Jekyll and Mr. Edward Hyde By Bernadine SyTiong March 16 2010 â€Å"The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde† by Robert Louis Stevenson originated from a dream that the author once had and he described it as â€Å"a fine bogy tale† when he awoke from it. Stevenson was first inspired from the city’s low life and the bizarre characters that he came across with and that his Calvinistic upbringing and his constant fight against ill-health led him to be engrossed with death and the darker side of human nature serving as his inspiration in many of his works making him as a novelist often noted by his powers of invention and depth of psychological insight found in his work. This novel which focuses on the split personality and the belief that evil is potentially more powerful than good has been a popular topic even up until now. Humans may often be ignorant about the fact that at times they do hear a voice inside that tells them the desires of a personality exactly the opposite of the current one. The â€Å"Theory of Psychoanalysis† according to Sigmund Freud is that the whole psychoanalytic theory is in fact built up on the perception of the resistance exerted by the patient when we try to make him conscious of his unconscious. We will write a custom essay sample on The Conscious and Unconscious: Analysis on the Life of Dr. Henry Jekyll and Mr. Edward Hyde specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Conscious and Unconscious: Analysis on the Life of Dr. Henry Jekyll and Mr. Edward Hyde specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Conscious and Unconscious: Analysis on the Life of Dr. Henry Jekyll and Mr. Edward Hyde specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Once a person lets his unconscious free even for only a matter of time, it will always desire to get out from its cell once he is closed in again and the conscious will be disturbed and often times give in to the temptation of letting the other be control of him again. A successful doctor born to a large fortune and well respected by his fellow men, a life seems like to be perfect yet still yearning for something. This is exactly how Dr. Henry Jekyll feels after years of failure in inventing a sort of potion. His years of wanting to complete it only made him more anxious of desiring to have its final result and maybe finally ease his longing of something he has yet to discover. Dr. Jekyll is the best example of man in its most secret manner for man hides his true feelings which he knows can affect people’s view of him. Here we can see Freud’s theory of psychoanalysis. The unconscious is manifested to us as something that holds itself in suspense in the area of the unborn. When Dr. Jekyll had finally completed the potion and tested it on himself, an alter ego of himself came out yet this alter ego looked nothing like him for if Jekyll was a little man with a big handsome face, Edward Hyde, Jekyll’s alter ego was described as: â€Å"Pale and dwarfish; he gave an impression of deformity without any namable malformation, he had a displeasing smile, he had borne himself to the lawyer with a sort of murderous mixture of timidity and boldness, and he spoke with a husky whispering and somewhat broken voice†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Everyone that met him had an impression of unknown disgust, loathing and fear towards him, very unlikely when compared to Dr. Jekyll. In this case we see that there is a split of personality and by their appearances we can already see who the bad is and the good. Though this seems surreal and impossible, it implements a person’s â€Å"splitting of the mind† and â€Å"splitting of the consciousness† which belongs to Freudâ⠂¬â„¢s â€Å"Several prominent 19th century about unconscious process†. Whenever Edward Hyde is in control of the body, he has a hunger for evil like he breathes it, on the other hand when Henry Jekyll gets back to his body he seems to not remember what Hyde has done like he was asleep all the time that Hyde was in control. The first of Freud’s ideas is that, â€Å"mental activity separates into parallel streams, only one of which can be conscious at any moment. † In other words, he described this as the splitting of the mind. Here he described that a man as such performs activities mechanically and with only half their mind on them. There really are times that people do things unconsciously even just for a second because there are times that we are somewhat under hypnosis from ourselves like times when we unconsciously stare at nothing while our hands are doing something that we do not already know. In the like, Dr. Jekyll is the person and Mr. Hyde is the hands. In this light, we can also relate the splitting of personality which Freud describes as the parallel mental activity. He observed that when we speak, we are at the conscious state but when the unconscious one interferes, the conscious is attached to one of the two states meaning that he can be on his side or the side of his unconscious. The last chapter of the novel is entitled â€Å"Henry Jekyll’s Full Statement of the Case† where in Jekyll finally admits all the bizarre things that are happening with him and the mysterious Edward Hyde. Jekyll admits that as time passes with drinking the potion, there were cases that he turns into Hyde without even drinking the potion. He was afraid to go to sleep because every time he woke up, Hyde would possess the body although this time the mind was split into two: Jekyll’s and Hyde’s. In these characters which possess only one body, we can see the struggle for freedom. Jekyll was an old and weak man, life seemed to have gone out from him as age overpowered him and maybe that is why he wanted to find an alternative for his misery. Freedom is what each person desires, to be able to do anything you want without abiding to any rules is somehow man’s longing for each day. Most people may be content of their life but they cannot hide the fact that at times things unusual to them would come in mind and that they start to wonder what it would feel like if they had done them. Freedom is the â€Å"absolutization of the absolute itself†. Wherefore to be absolute is to be detached from everything: relations and every presence, including itself. Aristotle may refer happiness as â€Å"The Chief† or â€Å"Ultimate Good† wherein it is the desire that is above all else, but what is the cause of happiness is it not ultimate freedom? Yet freedom is not always in terms of good because if people desire it, then they will do anything to have it. In Jean-Luc Nancy’s â€Å"The Experience of Freedom†, he states that: â€Å"Freedom spontaneously admits, of itself, a maxim of wickedness. Evil is the extreme freedom against the Absolute within the whole of beings, for freedom is the capacity for good and evil. The good â€Å"is† the evil and the evil â€Å"is† the good. † The desire of freedom makes people do things that are not of the ordinary but evil does not fully reveal without really having the consent of the good, meaning that the good wants to let evil out also because it knows that freedom will always require a bit of evil. Henry Jekyll admitted that he had committed to a profound duplicity of life. Henry Jekyll was in a state of emotional distress and he needed to find a resolution to it, thus he found Edward Hyde which did make him feel better at first but otherwise later. He knew that there was the evil side of him the unconscious that lets him does anything freely. Henry Jekyll wants to become Edward Hyde, not just because Edward Hyde is the dominant one. Jekyll knew, even before his scientific discovery there was another part of him that desired for another only he experienced them in daydreams and as time passed, he had a longing to bring this feeling to life. Freud declares that desire is indestructible for it merely conveys what it maintains of an image of the past towards an ever short and limited future. But what Jekyll is yet to realize are the consequences of his decisions for once evil is let loose it will savor the freedom it has attained and when it is yet again chained, it will roar for its freedom. Freud, according to his ideas about unconscious processes coined this as the â€Å"splitting of consciousness†, which is the second idea wherein he states that a sudden switching can occur from one parallel stream to another. Evil forms a sort of shadow kingdom in one’s mind until they become like bad spirits that take control of the body. Jekyll knew that all human beings are commingled out of good and evil, but one has a choice to resist by he chose to live in two identities until he could not control the evil side of him. One can only liberate himself from good or evil through the freedom in action by the limit of thought. Human beings are born with a will and it has the power to resist anything it wants. No one can say that he is being controlled; he does something because he wants to. Jekyll welcomed Hyde when he first appeared because it was in Hyde that he saw a livelier image of the spirit in him and because of the new profound power that he possessed, Jekyll became a slave to Hyde. In a sense that when we let temptations get to us it will always come back for more. We give into temptations and it will always come back because it knows our weakness and it attacks it so that we can fall into its pit, this is what we call evil. Henry Jekyll had gone for quite some time without letting Hyde appear, he mingled with friends and everyone saw how much livelier he had become but this was not to last because Hyde would not allow it that he be chained forever. Jekyll stated: â€Å"I was still cursed with my duality of purpose; and as the first edge of my penitence wore off, the lower side of me, so long indulged, so recently chained down, began to growl for license. † Jekyll had fun being Hyde but it was when Hyde commanded for full charge that his problems arose. Edward Hyde was the pure evil of Henry Jekyll and he was wanted because of murder. Jekyll never predicted that it would come to this point that he would have a hard time becoming himself because Hyde was beginning to appear even when Jekyll did not drink the potion. Jekyll always took comfort that if anything was to go wrong in the form of Edward Hyde, he would always get away with it since he could just drink the potion and transform back into himself yet he did not know that this was not to last. Edward Hyde had have liberty too long enough that he was growing stronger in his form while Henry Jekyll grew weaker. There was no more balance between them and Jekyll feared that Hyde would not stop until he had full control and finally put Jekyll to sleep. Jekyll was suffering from all of Hyde’s action because he has everything to lose while Hyde would not even be affected. Freud stated in his fourth idea that conscious activity is influenced by the unconscious. Jekyll was starting to share the pleasures of Hyde, he’s becoming greedy and this was He was not scared of being condemned by people but rather he was scared of being Edward Hyde. He referred Hyde as a child of hell that had nothing human; nothing lived in him but fear and hatred. But Jekyll saw something that he had never seen in his own perspective, Hyde loved life wonderfully and had it not been for his fear of death, he would have long ago ruined himself taking Jekyll with him. Jekyll saw how Hyde was so passionate at life that at times when he was decided to end his life, his pity for Hyde would always be his weakness. Hyde embraced life in a way that Jekyll never did and that is why maybe he would have thought that maybe being Hyde would finally set him free because after all, what he had long been searching is meaning to life and freedom. Though Edward Hyde’s meaning in life may be wholly cruel, Jekyll always wondered why had he never embraced life like his alter ego? What was in Hyde that made him act do freely in his nature and ignores the people and the judgment around him? Jekyll longed to find that passion in his own identity but it was too late because Hyde was beginning to take over and trapping him inside. For if the existent can decide on ruin and on its own ruin, and if this possibility is inscribed in the very being of existence, such a decision is no less what also ruins the decision in its existential essence. â€Å"There is an authentic freedom, which decides freedom for existence and for the singular relation that is, and which decides it from the heart of an infinite non-innocence where the in-finity of being, which does not have its own essence, can always unleash itself, and in a sense has always ready been unleashed, as fury. † Henry Jekyll decided to end his life. Though he felt pity for Edward Hyde, he himself could not endure the pain any longer and if Hyde was too fully take over, he would have also been thrown to the gallows for his crime. Jekyll could not find any more the salt that completed his potion, making it impure meaning that any mixture he made could not anymore bring back Henry Jekyll completely. It was not only physical pain that he felt but his soul was also tearing apart. He, at first, liked being Edward Hyde but then realized that he loved being Henry Jekyll yet all was too late. He confessed everything in writing before he had finally ended a life that had two identities and he knew that ending his life will be more painful to Hyde than him because life was his passion but he had no choice, his only view of salvation for him and Hyde was death. Stevenson’s novel may seem like a scientific fantasy that can never happen in real life but what he is trying to portray is that in human beings, there is always the conscious and the unconscious, the good and evil side of man. Because of frailties, disabilities and failures we tend to sink into an emotional distress that lets a foreign part of our mind be revealed. No matter how good a person may be, only one knows in himself the secret desires to be truly free, to act without abiding to anything or anyone. Stevenson dreamt about this novel and put it to writing in the sense that Freud has a theory of the relationship between conscious and unconscious activity in dreams which he saw as â€Å"the royal road to a knowledge of the unconscious activities of the mind†. We can see here that the life of Henry Jekyll can be a portrayal of the author’s life in a minor sense. Stevenson was ill-health and had a weak disposition and because of this he could not really achieve what his father wanted him to be which drives him to think to the darker side of life. Freud claimed that memories of distressing events are too painful to be admitted to consciousness and are subjected to a process of censorship and disguise by the mechanisms of â€Å"dream work†, which included the representation of familiar things or people in symbolic form. Henry Jekyll was right when he said that all human beings, as we meet them, are commingled with good and evil. Every person has their good and bad side in them which the latter he hides in fear that people will judge him. Society dictates people’s lives, even if we do not admit it. People always care for what the public thinks of them for no one wants to be ruined in the sight of everyone because sometimes one wrong can forever be marked in one’s life. But at some point, through desire and curiosity, humans do show a side of them which is very unlikely for they want to know the taste of freedom. For freedom spontaneously admits, of itself, a maxim of wickedness and evil is as freedom, the most extreme freedom against the Absolute within the whole of beings. Who would not want a life that is free with no one to dictate what is right and wrong? Yet when it gets too far, it no longer is freedom but is transformed to chains for being too absorbed into it brings its consequences. In the sense of Edward Hyde taking over Henry Jekyll’s body, human beings somewhat go crazy in the thought that there is no more answer than death. One can say that the master is no more spared by death than is his slave, that he will always die in the end, and that this is the limit of his freedom. The revelation of the essence of the master is manifested at the moment of terror, when it is to him that one says freedom or death, and the he has obviously only death to choose in order to have freedom. Henry Jekyll ended his life in order for him to have freedom, not Edward Hyde. He did pity Hyde for he was such a passionate person about life but Jekyll wanted to be free also but with Hyde forever attached to him, his life was no different that being in hell. We want a happy life, one that shouts freedom but it does not mean that to be evil is the only way to be free. Humans have a choice and sometimes we take the wrong path but this serves as a lesson and we should learn to decide the better of ourselves before everything is too late. Evil can never result to ultimate happiness, it may bring contentment to our desires for a while but when it seeks payment, we suffer the consequences taking the happy and free life we thought to be real and lasting. There is always a warning whenever we are to be swallowed by evil and temptations will always arise in its most powerful sense but all this will serve as a trial to see if we can resist the evil and take over with the goodness in us, but some are tricked into believing that giving in will fulfill all their desires but is destroyed at the end. There is a free decision that frees freedom for itself, for its finitude, for its haring, for equality, for community, for fraternity, and for their justice- singularly, singularly shared/divided, singularly withdrawn from the hatred of existence. God never made man so that He can force him to do things, but He made man with a free will having the ability to freely choose his own decisions and ways. Evil may always be tempting but we can fight it, we just have to be believe and stand strong on our faith that we can overcome it. The evil and good of man are relative to each other it’s always in our choice to choose what side. The unconscious is a part of life in which the conscious can never take away but what it can do is not only balance it but decide on what can be the betterment in life. Bibliography: Stevenson, Robert Louis. (1994). The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. London, England: Penguin Group. Nancy, Jean-Luc. (1993). The Experience of Freedom. Stanford, USA: Stanford University Press Miller, Jacques-Alain. (1977). The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis: The Seminar of Jacques Lacan (Book XI). New York, NY: W. W. Norton Company, Inc. Edwards, David, Jacobs, Michael. (2003). Conscious and Unconsciousness. Berkshire, England: Open University Press. Freud, Sigmund. (1950). The Wisdom of Freud. New York, NY: Philosophical Library.

100 of the Most Common Kanji Characters

100 of the Most Common Kanji Characters With three different ways of writing, the Japanese language may seem intimidating to new students. Its true that memorizing the most common kanji symbols and other scripts takes time and practice. But once youve mastered them, youll discover a means of written communication unlike anything youll see in the English language. There are three writing systems in Japanese, two phonetic and one symbolic, and all three are used in tandem. Kanji Symbols Kanji is symbolic, or logographic. It is the most common means of written communication in the Japanese language, with more than 50,000 different symbols by some estimates. However, most Japanese can get by with using about 2,000 different kanji in everyday communication. A single kanji character can have multiple meanings, depending on how it is pronounced and the context in which it is used. Hiragana and Katakana Hiragana and katakana  are both phonetic (or syllabic). There are 46 basic characters in each. Hiragana is used primarily to spell words that have  Japanese roots or grammatical elements. Katakana is used to spell foreign and technical words (computer is one example), or used for emphasis. Romanji Western characters and words, sometimes called romanji,  are also common in modern Japanese. Typically, these are reserved for words derived from Western languages, especially English. The word T-shirt in Japanese, for example, consists of a T and several katakana characters. Japanese advertising and media frequently use English words for stylistic emphasis.   For everyday purposes, most writing contains kanji characters because its the most efficient, expressive means of communication. Complete sentences written only in hiragana and katakana would be extremely long and resemble a jumble of letters, not a full thought. But used in conjunction with kanji, the Japanese language becomes full of nuance. Kanji has its historical roots in Chinese writing. The word itself means Chinese (or Han) characters. Early forms were first used in Japan as early as A.D. 800 and evolved slowly into the modern era, along with hiragana and katakana. Following Japans defeat in World War II, the government adopted a series of rules designed to simplify the most common kanji characters to make them easier to learn. Elementary school students have to learn about 1,000 characters. That number doubles by high school. Beginning in the late 1900s, Japanese education officials have added more and more kanji to the curriculum. Because the language has such deep historical roots, literally thousands more kanji have evolved over time and are still in use. Common Kanji Characters Here are 100 of the most frequently used kanji in Japanese newspapers. Newspapers give a great representation of the best and most useful kanji to learn because you are more likely to come across these characters in day-to-day use.   æâ€" ¥ sun ä ¸â‚¬ one Ã¥ ¤ § big Ã¥ ¹ ´ year ä ¸ ­ middle ä ¼Å¡ to meet ä º º human being, people æÅ" ¬ book æÅ"ˆ moon, month é• · long å› ½ country å‡ º to go out ä ¸Å  up, top Ã¥   10 生 life Ã¥ ­  child 分 minute æ  ± east ä ¸â€° three è ¡Å' to go Ã¥ Å' same ä »Å  now é «Ëœ high, expensive 金 money, gold 時 time 手 hand è ¦â€¹ to see, to look Ã¥ ¸â€š city 力 power ç ± ³ rice è‡ ª oneself å‰  before 円 yen (Japanese currency) Ã¥ Ë† to combine ç «â€¹ to stand 内 inside ä ºÅ' two ä ºâ€¹ affair, matter ç ¤ ¾ company, society 者 person Ã¥Å" ° ground, place ä º ¬ capital éâ€"“ interval, between ç” ° rice field ä ½â€œ body Ã¥ ­ ¦ to study ä ¸â€¹ down, under ç› ® eye ä ºâ€ five Ã¥ ¾Å' after æâ€" ° new 明 bright, clear æâ€" ¹ direction éÆ' ¨ section .Ã¥ ¥ ³ woman å… « eight Ã¥ ¿Æ' heart å›› four æ °â€˜ people, nation Ã¥ ¯ ¾ opposite ä ¸ » main, master æ ­ £ right, correct ä » £ to substitute, generation è ¨â‚¬ to say ä ¹  nine Ã¥ °  small æ€  to think ä ¸Æ' seven Ã¥ ± ± mountain Ã¥ ®Å¸ real å… ¥ to enter 回 to turn around, time Ã¥   ´ place 野 field éâ€"‹ to open ä ¸â€¡ 10,000 å… ¨ whole Ã¥ ®Å¡ to fix Ã¥ ® ¶ house Ã¥Å'â€" north å… ­ six å•  question è © ± to speak æâ€"‡ letter, writings å‹• to move Ã¥ º ¦ degree, time çÅ"Å' prefecture æ ° ´ water Ã¥ ®â€° inexpensive, peaceful æ °  courtesy name (Mr., Mrs.) å’Å' harmonious, peace æ” ¿ government, politics ä ¿  to maintain, to keep è ¡ ¨ to express, surface é â€œ way ç› ¸ phase, mutual æ„  mind, meaning ç™ º to start, to emit ä ¸  not, un-, in- å…š political party

Egan's integrative approach to counselling Essay

Egan's integrative approach to counselling - Essay Example 1. Where am I now? (Identifying and clarifying problem situations and unused opportunities) 2. Where do I want to be? (Developing a preferred scenario) 3. How do I get there? (Formulating strategies and plans)† (The Egan model, Prospects Graduate, 2007). At a next level, the analysis of each phase is depended on the particular characteristics of the problem under examination and the circumstances in which this model will be applied. Generally, it has been supported that â€Å"phase 1 will almost certainly involve self awareness and some opportunity awareness, while phase 2 requires the relation between these to be established and some aspects of decision learning may be required in both stages 2 and 3, while phase 3 is mainly related to transition learning† (The Egan model, Prospects Graduate, 2007). In counselling the use of Egan’s model (as developed above) can be extensive, it depends though on the needs of each particular case and the environment (social, poli tical or other) in which this model will be applied. In the organizational environment, the application of Egan’s model has to be based on specific criteria and terms. In this context, it has been supported by Smith et al. (2002, 197) that â€Å"organizations currently operate with a facade of rationality, ignoring emotional reality while the leverage for such change lies in working at team/group level meetings, changing the quality of interactions to enhance authenticity and create emotional openness† (Smith et al., 2002, 197).

Ethical, Professional and Cultural Issues of ICT Essay

Ethical, Professional and Cultural Issues of ICT - Essay Example 2011). When coming to entertainment, it is a large part of our daily lives. People spend some time every day for the sake of entertainment. Ethics in entertainment is more based on the mediums popularity rather than the creators need to be ethical in nature. The entertainment media is constantly under the attack by the so called guardian angels of ethical standards for portraying unethical values through the media. This attack is on films, music as well as video games industry. It is an acceptable fact that what is more corrupt is easier to get accepted. Keeping this in mind, the movie industry has moved one step forward by creating the MPAA system in which questionable stuff would be rated higher so that adult people can warn their children well in advance. Now newer industries are forced to come under the scrutiny of maintaining ethical standards. The video game industry which comes under the category of interactive entertainment industry is facing stiff challenges from gurus of et hical standards. Now the video games industry is facing challenges in ethical standards maintenance, it has been constantly accused of ruining the moral standards of children in particular. However there is a good reason behind these allegations. Since the industry is relatively new, it has resorted to some lower least common denominators to sell its games. It has used scantily clad and physically impossible women and men. Moreover questionable as well as violent subject matters are also used by the industry. The industry pundits who defend these moves are relying on the fact that other types of Medias have also used such stands before. They feel that this has to be seen as a sign of times and growing popularity. However in general sense, such actions should be viewed as a loss of production ethics or part of the inevitable routine that takes on the industry every time (Ethics and Entertainment Introduction. 2000). The banning of the video game manhunt in 2007 by the BBFC in 2007 wa s an eye opener for the gaming industry which was starting to act careless with regard to ethics in the media. Most of the technicians , artists and story tellers in the gaming industry are tuning to some blood spilling and sexist unusual themes in their products on the belief that its just fun. They also have an intentional idea behind this move that only such things sell quickly. Degradation of values has swept towards different segments in the industry. Its effect has started showing to the gaming industry as well. Primarily gaming industry is concentrated on children below eighteen years. Children are the main users of its products other than any other group. To show explicit and debatable as well as questionable content in the form of games to children on the false imagination that it is only fun is a serious crime that is done towards the society. The video game manhunt 2 was banned by the British authorities because of its relentless imagery of savage killing and slaying. Man hunt video game was very popular among children because of its violence. It even prompted in a killing of a fourteen year old boy. Banning the video game was a bold step taken by the authorities for the first time in a decade. Manhunt 2 shows sustained as well as cumulative sadism which are labeled casual in the way the killings are committed in the game. Such types of entertainment are not at all acceptable because it is targeted towards children (Censors ban

Analysis of Section 14, Hindu Succession Act, 1956

Analysis of Section 14, Hindu Succession Act, 1956 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Section 14 talks about property possessed by a Hindu female to be her absolute property, whether acquired before of after the commencement of the Hindu Succession Act, 1956. She will hold the property as an absolute, full owner and not as a limited owner. The section empowers the Hindu female to exercise her rights over her property in an absolute manner. Section 14 is the most significant provision in the Hindu Succession Act. METHODOLOGY AND SCOPE OF THE PROJECT The methodology is doctrinal. The sources used in this project are secondary sources in form of books. Primary sources are the case laws. In this project, we have discussed the object and scope of section 14. The position when alienation is done by a woman who is a limited owner and re-conveyance of the property to the limited owner by the alienee of the property alienated by her before the commencement of this Act, have also been discussed. The project is concluded spelling out the impact of section 14 on Stridhana. INTRODUCTION Prior to 1956, two kinds of properties were recognized by Hindu texts and writings with respect to women – Stridhana and non-Stridhana properties. Stridhana Property It occupies a prominent place in the Sanskrit law books that had been written in ancient India. Etymologically, Stridhana means female’s property. It includes gifts given to her at the time of marriage. On the subject of ownership of Sridhana property, a number of views existed. Doctrinal Diversity existed on the subject and these divergent outlooks only added to the difficulties surrounding the meaning of the term. The result was that, a term not difficult to understand in its etymological sense came to be understood in a narrow and limited connotation.[1] Stridhana is the property over which a woman has absolute right. A Stridhana property has two important characteristics- She could dispose it off as per her sweet will in whatsoever manner; Its her exclusive and absolute property and would devolve upon her heir. By virtue of Stridhana she would be a fresh stock of descent and her property will not go back to the reversioners. Non – Stridhana Property The woman at her wish could not dispose off this property. It could not go to her heirs at her death but would go back to the reversioners. This property is called woman’s estate or a widow’s estate. Under the classical law, non-Stridhana property was property acquired by her in any way. But Stridhana property was in form of gifts at the time of her wedding. With respect to woman’s estate, she was not a fresh stock of descent. She had limited interests. Though she could enjoy the property during her lifetime, she had limited rights over it. She could not alienate the property at her own sweet will nor could dispose it off. It is a limited estate. When the woman’s limited estate expires upon her death it would revert back to the reversioners that were the heirs of the last male holder of the property. In her lifetime, she had an ownership, title and interest in the property but it was limited. So, absolute rights lacked. Limited estate entails two limitations: No alienation or disposal of the property at woman’s own discretion; No creation of fresh stock of descent. Under very special circumstances, a woman could alienate her limited estate: Legal necessity (that is, for her own need and for the need of the dependants of the last owner); For the benefit of estate, and; For the discharge of indispensable duties (such as marriage of daughters, funeral rites of her husband, his shradha and gifts to brahmans for the salvation of his soul, etc.) Hindu women have always suffered with respect to property rights. She had an absolute right over the Stridhana but with respect to non-Stridhana property her interests were not absolute in nature. Though she had maintenance rights; recognized by law as moral, spiritual, legal and absolute right, but not beyond that. Section 14 brought about revolutionary changes in the law of succession with regard to Hindu females. Section 14 has converted existing woman’s estates into full estates. SECTION 14 Property of a female Hindu to be her absolute property. Any property possessed by a female Hindu, whether acquired before or after the commencement of this Act, shall be held by her as full owner thereof and not as a limited owner. Explanation: In this sub-section, â€Å"property† includes both movable and immovable property acquired by a female Hindu by inheritance or devise, or at a partition, or in lieu of maintenance or arrears of maintenance, or by gift from any person, whether a relative or not, before, at or after her marriage, or by her own skill or exertion, or by purchase or by prescription, or in any other manner whatsoever, and also any such property held by her as Stridhana immediately before the commencement of this Act. Nothing contained in sub-section (1) shall apply to any property acquired by way of gift or under a will or any other instrument or under a decree or order of a civil court or under an award where the terms of the gift, will or other instrument or the decree, order or award prescribe a restricted estate in such property. SCOPE AND AMBIT Section 14(1) is partly prospective and partly retrospective. Prospective operation is that limited interest enlarges only in 1956 and after it. With respect to acquisition of property, there is retrospective operation. â€Å"Any property possessed by a female Hindu, whether acquired before or after the commencement of this Act, shall be held by her as full owner thereof and not as a limited owner.† The rule laid down under section 14(1) has a wide and extensive application and has to be read in a comprehensive manner. If a woman had a limited interest in any estate, as soon as this Act comes into force, the limited estate enlarges to absolute interest. She has full ownership of property acquired before or after 1956. Section 14(1) is an enabling clause; limited estate converts into absolute one. The object of sub-section (2) of section 14 is to make it clear that restricted estate can even after commencement of Act come into existence in case of interest of property given to a female Hindu, by operation of transaction inter vivos, by testamentary disposition, by decree or order of civil court under an award. Any such restricted estate created prior to the commencement of the Act will not be enlarged into full ownership by operation of sub-section (1) if the gift, will, other instrument, decree, order or award had prescribed a restricted estate. It has been held by Supreme Court that this sub-s (2) must be read only as a proviso or exception to sub-s (1).[2] â€Å"POSSESSION† Under Section 14, possession implies a lawful and legal possession or title or ownership. Hence, possession here implies ownership or title. There is the widest possible interpretation to this term. In 1956, this Act came into force and irrespective of whether she had actual possession or not, he rights were absolute. In 1959, in the case Gummalapura Kothuruswami v. Setra Veeravva[3], the word possession was interpreted. Court said here that â€Å"possession in section 14 is used in a broad sense†¦possession may be actual or constructive†¦Ã¢â‚¬  In 2002, in the case Muthuswami v. Angamal, distinction between legal and actual possession was laid down. Under Section 14(1), it is the legal possession that is important. It is not the possession in its narrow sense but the broadest. There must be a legal possession though there is not any actual possession. Under Section 14 (1) possession must be lawful and legal. Where a woman has lost possession of property before commencement of Hindu Succession Act, 1956, she is not entitled to avail benefits of Section 14(1). ALIENATION OF THE LIMITED ESTATE BY THE LIMITED OWNER BEFORE COMMENCEMENT OF ACT Before 1956, A Hindu female had a limited estate. There was no alienation at her sweet will. Where a Hindu woman makes an unauthorized alienation before 1956, she loses possession over that property, she is not entitled to benefits of Section 14(1). The alienee, even he or she cannot avail Section 14(1). Now the possession of property does not allow alienee to avail this subsection. To avail benefits of Section 14(1), the possession must be a legal possession. The alienee here cannot avail provision of Section 14 because it was the widow who made the alienation. Purpose of section 14 is to ameliorate the position of widow and not the alienee. Both the woman and the alienee are devoid of the benefit of s.14 (1) and the third party, i.e. the reversioners will be benefited. Where alienation is unauthorized reversioners can always challenge. There was a prospective abolition of reversioners after 1956. But reversioners do exist after 1956. On the death of the female owner the estate reverts to the heir or the heirs of the last owner as if the latter died when the limited estate ceased. Such heirs may be male or female known as reversioners. So long as the estate endures there are no reversioners though there is always a presumptive reversioner who has only a spes successionis in the lifetime of the widow. It is their vested interest. The property of the female devolves on the reversioners only when her estate terminates on her death. REMEDIES WITH THE REVERSIONERS They can file a suit in the court for a ‘declaratory decree’ under which the reversionary rights are protected. So despite unauthorized alienation, their reversionary rights are secure. They can demand from the court during the lifetime of the widow, that estate of the widow must be protected from damage or waste. But reversioners cannot bring any injunction to refrain a widow from making an unauthorized alienation. When a Hindu widow makes an unauthorized alienation, it is binding upon her and not on the reversioners. Estate is in favour of the widow or the alienor; it is binding upon her. Now alienee is entitled to all the rights which alienor was enjoying by alienation. But alienee gets a limited title. After unauthorized alienation, the limited estate has passed to the alienee – who has a limited interest in it. Because a Hindu woman cannot convey a better title than what she had, the alienee will also have a limited interest in the estate. When the alienor dies, i.e. the widow, the role of reversioners accrues. In the case of Kalawati Bai v. Soirya Bai [4], a Hindu female had inherited property from her husband by way of gift. In 1954, she gifted entire property to one of her two daughters. In 1968, the Hindu widow died and donee daughter, in whose favour the gift was made, took possession of the property. The second daughter objected this possession arguing that alienation was an unauthorized alienation. Since, the alienation itself is unauthorized, donee daughter does not have any right to possess the property. It was held that the other daughter would get half of the share from the entire property. After the death of the widow, the property goes back to reversioners, i.e. the heirs of the last male holder of the property. After widow’s death it will be presumed that her husband had died too. Since in 1968, the Act came into force; the two daughters will get equal half shares. RECONVEYANCE TO THE LIMITED OWNER BY THE ALIENEE OF THE PROPERTY, ALIENATED BY HER BEFORE THE ACT CAME INTO FORCE A rather unusual situation arises where an alienee from a limited owner, for instance a widow, re-conveys the property to the widow in consequence of a challenge by the reversioners or after reversioners obtain the decree declaring that the alienation would not bind the reversioners after the death of the widow.[5] The view has been taken that the widow would become the absolute owner of the property by operation of this section even though re-conveyance might have taken place after the Act came into operation.[6] In the case of Daya Singh v. Dhan kaur [7], A Hindu male died in 1933 and his widow inherited his property as a limited owner. After two months she gifted this limited estate of hers to her daughter Dhan Kaur. Daya singh, who was the brother of the deceased male, objected to the alienation made by the widow and filed a suit in the court. The suit was decreed in his favour. In the mean time, Act of 1956 was passed and the property got re-conveyed back to the widow. She then again made a second gift to Dhan Kaur. The widow died in 1963. The reversioners wanted to exercise their rights and challenged the validity of the second gift. Their contention was that the widow has already lost possession of the limited estate before 1956 while making first gift. But the court rejected the contention. It was held that reversioners in the lifetime of the widow have a mere right to succeed. Post 1956, when same property was re-conveyed back to the widow, it cures the defect in it and she becomes a full and absolute owner of the property. Her limited estate enlarges into a full estate. She then has every right to alienate it. OBSERVATION Absolute power of alienation was not regarded, in case of a female owner, as a necessary association to the right to hold and enjoy property and it was only in case of property acquired by her from particular sources that she had full dominion over it. The restriction imposed upon proprietary rights of a woman by Hindu Law depended on her status as a maiden, as a married woman and as a widow. They also depended on the source and nature of the property. The Act overrides the old law on the subject of Stridhana in respect of all property possessed by a female, whether acquired by her before or after the commencement of the Act and this section declares that all such property shall be held by her as the full owner. The Act confers full heritable capacity on the female heir and this section dispenses with the traditional limitations on the powers of a female Hindu to hold and transmit property. In Erumma v. Veeruppana[8], the Supreme Court examined the ambit and object of this section and observed: â€Å"The property possessed by a female Hindu, as contemplated in the section, is clearly property to which she has acquired some kind of title, whether before or after the commencement of the Act. It may be noticed that the Explanation to s. 14(1) sets outs the various modes of acquisition of the property by a female Hindu and indicates that the section applies only to the property to which female Hindu has acquired some kind of title, however restricted the nature of her interest may be. The words ‘as full owner thereof and not as a limited owner’ in the last portion of sub-section (1) of the section clearly suggest that the legislature intended that the limited ownership. In other words ownership of a Hindu female should be changed into a full ownership. In other words, s. 14(1) of the act contemplates that a Hindu female, who, in the absence of this provision, would have been limited owner of the property, will now become full owner of the same by virtue of this se ction. The object of this section is to extinguish the estate called â€Å"limited estate’ or ‘widow’s estate’ in Hindu Law and to make a Hindu woman, who under the old law would have been only a limited owner, a full owner of the property with all the powers of disposition and to make the estate heritable by her own heirs and not revertible to the heirs of the last male holder†¦. It does not in any way confer a title on the female Hindu where she did not in face possess any vestige or title.† The trend of more recent decisions of the Supreme Court has been to lay stress on the Explanation to sub-section (1). In one such decision, the Supreme Court adopted the approach of giving ‘a most expansive interpretation’ to the sub-section with a view to advance the social purpose of the legislation, which is to bring about a change in the social and economic position of women.[9] CONCLUSION The effect of the rule laid down in this section is to abrogate the rigid provisions against the proprietary rights of females and to recognize her status as the independent and absolute owner of the property. Section 14 is acting as a piece of social legislation promoting gender justice and equality between Hindu males and females. It is a revolutionary provision. Section 14 abolishes various kinds of Stridhana and property of every kind possessed by a Hindu female howsoever acquired and whether once acquired becomes now her absolute property. She will hold the property as an absolute, full owner and not as a limited owner. The section empowers the Hindu female to exercise her rights over her property in an absolute manner. The limited estate has been abolished and has been enlarged into the status of a full estate. Now the estate after a widow’s death goes to her heirs and not to the heirs of the last male holder of the estate. Section 14 is thus the most significant provision in the Hindu Succession Act. REFERENCES Books: Mayne’s Treatise on Hindu Law and Usage, 15th Ed., Bharat Lawhouse, 2006 Mitra, S.K., Mitra on Hindu Law, 2nd Ed., Orient Publishing Company, 2006 Desai, S.A., Mulla’s Hindu Law, Vol. 2, 19th Ed., LexisNexis Butterworths, 2006 Paras Diwan, â€Å"Family Law†, Allahabad Law Agency, Faridabad, (7th Edn., 2005). Mulla, â€Å"Principle of Hindu Law† Vol.II, in S.A. Desai Ed., Lexis Nexis Butterwoths, New Delhi, (19th Edn., 2005). Werner F. Menski, â€Å"Hindu Law: Beyond Tradition and Modernity†, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2003 Dr U.P.D. Kesari, â€Å"Modern Hindu Law†, Central Law Publications, 5th Edition 2006 Dr. N Maheswara Swamy, Hindu Law, ALT Publications, Hyderabad, 2011 A.C.Gupte, Hindu Law, Premier Publishing Company, Kolkata, 2005 S.A.Kader, Hindu Succession Act 1956, Eastern Law House, new Delhi, 2006 Legislations: The Hindu Succession Act, 1956 1 Section 14, Hindu Succession Act, 1956 | [1] Mulla, Hindu Law, Vol.2, 19th Ed., LexisNexis Butterworths, 2005, P.378 [2] Supra 1 [3] AIR 1959 SC 577 [4] AIR 1991 SC 1581 [5] Mulla, Hindu Law, Vol.2, 19th Ed., LexisNexis Butterworths, 2005, P.383 [6] Jagat Singh v. Teja Singh, AIR 1970 PH 309 (FB) [7] AIR 1974 SC 665 [8] AIR 1966 SC 1879 [9] Vaddeboyina Tulsamma v. Seshi Reddy, AIR 1997 SC 1944

The Cash Flow Statement

The Cash Flow Statement * A Cash flow statement is a financial report that shows the sources of a firm’s cash and its uses of cash. In other words, it answers the questions, â€Å"where did the cash come from? † and â€Å"where did the cash go? † Measuring Firm’s Cash Flow You can explain the cash inflows and outflows of a business by looking at three cash flow activities. * Cash flow activities: 1.Generating cash flows from day-to-day business operations It is the informative to know how much cash is being generated in the normal course of operating a business on a daily basis, beginning with purchasing inventory on credit, selling on credit, paying for the inventory, and finally collecting on the sales made on credit. 2. Buying or selling fixed assets. When a company buys (or sell) fixed assets, such as equipment and buildings, cash outflows (or inflow) result. These cash flows are not part of the regular day-to-day operations and, consequently, are not included in the income statement.They appear only as changes from one balance sheet to the next. 3. Financing the business. Cash inflows and outflows occur when the company borrows or repays debt; when it distributes money to the owners, such as when dividends are paid; or when the owners put money into the business in the form of additional equity. Profits versus cash flows * Entrepreneurs need to be aware that profits shown on a company’s income statement are not the same as its cash flows. * An income statement is not a measure of cash flows because it is calculated on an accrual basis rather than a cash basis.This is an important point to understand in section. * In Accrual-basis accounting, profits are recorded when earned- whether or not the profits have been received in cash- and expenses are recorded when they are incurred- even if money has not actually been paid out. * In Cash-basis accounting, profits are reported when cash is received and expenses are recorded whe n they are paid. * There are several reasons, including the following, that profits based on an accrual accounting system will differ from the firm’s cash flows; 1. Sales reported on an income statement include both cash sales and credits sales.So the total sales do not correspond to the actual cash collected. 2. Cash spent for inventory doesn’t represent all inventory purchases since some inventory is financed by credit. 3. The depreciation expense shown in the income statement is a noncash expense. It reflects the costs associated with using an asset that benefits the firm’s operations over a period of several years, such as a piece of equipment used over five years. What every small business owner should ask and understand is, â€Å"How do you compute your firm’s cash flow? †

Advertising and Stereotype Essay

Introduction: Good morning Ms McCurdy and class, everyday, from watching TV program to reading magazines, we are amazed with a big range of advertisements. Businesses spend heaps of money on creating advertisements to promote their products. Promoters not only create the advertise technique, symbolic and written codes but also stereotypes, which are commonly used. Stereotype is everywhere and usually majority focuses on woman. In ancient world, they usually stereotype woman as the person always stands behind men’s back but nowadays, woman often said to become stronger and successful. I have chosen an ad, which advertises for Maybelline lipstick products. The ad is a typically example to analyse about the stereotypical strong, successful and beautiful woman. Brief analysis symbolic aspects: The ad is made up of two parts, the left hand side and the right hand side. On the left hand side is a female model with a big brown pair of glasses, who is using Maybelline lipstick. And on the right hand side is the feature of the actual products and some of its introduction. As you may notice the setting, the ad is not divided into 2 equal halves but 1/3 and 2/3. When drawing or designing, designers usually avoid dividing their graphic because it will make the picture balanced and there is no focus point. If the designer makes the picture of model and the products equals, the readers would not pay attention on neither left hand side nor right hand side. Further more, we, readers usually tend to look at a subject from left to right. That’s why the designer arranges the model on the left and products on the right. So that when we look at the ad, we will eventually espy on the model’s lips with shiny colour and after that, a question immediately jumps into our heads is why her lips look so attractive. The answer will be revealed when we see the liquid glossy lip colour on the right hand side. This technique is called â€Å"transfer†, which is an idea that suggests us the positive qualities. As well as that, we might see that the model is wearing glasses. She must want to be fashionable but she wears light make up. Why.. She must put on mass of make up to be more attractive. The reason is because the producers want us to pay attention on her lips and the eyes are said to be the windows to soul. Therefore, they will attract more attention than the lips do, they should cover the eyes, so that we will focus on her dazzle lips. On the right bottom corner is the product in which the promoter is trying to persuade their customers to buy. Placing it beyond the pink bubble, it denotes that Maybelline lip colour is magical and there are many different colours. Colour is also an â€Å"ingredient† of a catchy advertisement. It is one of the major strategies in drawing the target audience’s eyes towards the design space, and then appealing their emotions to buy their products. Brown is a warm neutral colour. It presents for steadfastness, simplicity, friendliness, dependability and health. They choose brown as the main colour to match with the colour of products and model natural skin. Every feature such as glasses cloth and model make up all match with the brown background. Brown is believed to connote a kind, strong and determined woman. Technical Aspects: The ad applied low camera angle since they try to stereotype a powerful and successful woman. Additionally, her posture and gesture also affect the success of the ad. If the model is smiling brightly, it will reflect that the product make you look cute rather than sexy. If the model’s face is on eye-level, the ad has nothing mysterious or seductive. Words: Moreover, language is also a significant point that contributes into a good ad. On the top right hand side of the ad, there is a sentence that written in white capital letter said: â€Å"At the click of a wand! Concentrated shine perfectly defined fall under its spell† They use metaphor in this sentence. The lipstick is said to be a magic wand that when you click it, the shiny liquid from it will fall on your lips like you make a spell on it. I think Maybelline has an impressive slogan. It is â€Å"maybe she’s born with it. Maybe it’s Maybelline†. Really? Can you be born with a brown shiny dazzle lips? Can you be born with mass of make up, that call Maybelline. No, you cant, the producer uses another pun here, where it uses hyperbole to say that woman need cosmetic to fulfill and maintain their beauty. Stereotypes have been used: This advertisement stereotype a feisty woman, who still look beautiful even she wears plain make up. However, she still needs to wear lipstick to maintain her exquisiteness. The stereotype in this ad is appropriate for woman, who is in age of 25 – 30 because they usually be said as grow-up woman, they experience the life and become stronger but they are still woman indeed, still want to take care of their beauty along with the time is gone. Effectiveness of the advertisement and the sale pitch: The question that advertisement create towards target audiences is should they buy this products or not? What are their advantages if they purchase it? The promoter saying that if you buy the products, you will be noticeable in the crowd without being called a â€Å"plastic doll† with expensive cloth and â€Å"heavy† make up on your face that hide your true person. I believe that this Maybelline’s lip colours advertisement is very effective in numerous ways, like hiring an international model, Deepika Padukone, to be the ‘perfect woman’ in the design space. She is glamorous with her natural brown skin. This is a good ad, which stereotype another view-point of people towards female, where female is no longer weak and depend on male but determine and successful. Conclusion: In conclusion, not all females are seductive and a subservient object for men but I believe that everyone has their feisty heart and the beauty inside them. Stereotypes are assumption; they are not 100 % true. So don’t let it make you feel bad or not good enough compare to other people.

Critical Reviews of Brave New World Essay example - 742 Words

Critical Reviews of Brave New World Since the original publishing of Brave New World, the book has stirred up a brew of controversy. It has received many reviews both positive and negative. In this paper I will provide examples of both and look at the reasons behind them. My first review is a negative one. In the review the reviewer states as his main reasons for disliking the book are the obnoxious characters and plot holes. A few examples of this are that Bernard Marx is unhappy with his life and wants to expand his mind yet all he does is take random vacations to the Savage Reservation. The author of the review compares this to saying, â€Å"I’m having a bout with depression. I’m going to Iran,† then jumping on a plane and going. It†¦show more content†¦Also, Soma can be compared to Prozac. He feels that the society in Brave New World is one that compares closely to the feudal system is England where the leaders were born into their positions and servants were born into their positions and thus Brave New World is a satire warning America to be careful of where society is headed. (Epinions.com) With this review my opinion is a little split. I agree with what the author said about inequalities in health care and education, but I see no connection between Soma and Prozac. Prozac is used to treat a disease Soma is not. soma is used to let people escape their boring lives. Also, I agree with the comment that Brave New World can be seen as a satire because the feudal system was something used back in the dark ages and we humans like to think that we have moved past that and that we are better than that, but Huxley suggests that with all the technology and knowledge we gain we end up back where we started. The third review I chose was again a negative one. 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