Photo Radar Technology Essay

Speeding vehicles passing through school zones and neighborhoods compromises the safety and livability of an individual. Most of the time it poses threat to children playing outdoor, it makes bicycling, walking, and even driving dangerous to all. Through the years speed enforcement was implemented to regulate speeding vehicles. One of the oldest methods was the time distance method wherein three police officers were posted in three dummy tree trunks at a one mile interval and used stop watch to monitor the speed of a vehicle. But through the advent of technology the use of cameras such as speed, red-light, bus lane, toll- booth, level crossing, and congestion charge cameras; a vehicle detection system such as piezo-electric strips, laser, optical character recognition, and Doppler radar, and integrated with the process of implementing state rules and regulations in regulating speed limit provides a more effective means of implementing speed enforcement. The photo radar is an automated photographic speed enforcement technology that has the capability of identifying vehicles above a speed limit using a camera and detector equipment. The unit is a combination of a high speed camera with a flash unit and a low powered narrow beam Doppler antenna which is aimed across the road together with electronic controls and computers to detect, photograph, and record the time, date, speed, and location of the vehicles exceeding a determined speed limit. It can photograph the face of the driver and the license plate at the front side if the unit is intended or deployed at the oncoming traffic and the license plate at the rear side if deployed at the receding flow. The license number will be extracted from the photograph and the registered owner will receive a citation usually by mail within six working days and the violator has to respond within 30 days upon receiving. The recipient has three courses of actions to consider, either pay the fine, attend a court hearing, or file a certificate of innocence. The system starts to work due to the triggering of the radar sensor which causes the high speed cameras to take photographs. In a simple explanation, radar is considered a device that utilizes electromagnetic waves to be able to identify the direction, location, and speed of both in motion or a fixed object. Radio waves are being emitted at the transmitter part and will be reflected by the target. It will then be received by a receiver commonly being located together with the transmitter. The received or the returned radio signal is amplified due to its weak signal thus enabling the radar to detect specific objects at ranges where sound or visible light are too weak to be detected. If a solid object exists in air or vacuum, electromagnetic waves reflect or scatter between the surrounding and the object since this wave reflects in a very large change in the dielectric or diamagnetic constant and also in a change in the atomic density. This phenomenon applies to metal and carbon fiber wherein its electrical conductivity makes radar well suited for the detection of ships, aircrafts, and vehicles. The Doppler radar is one type of radar that operates in-line with the principle of Doppler Effect wherein it is the change in the wavelength or in the frequency of a wave being perceived or observed relative to the motion of the source of the wave. The equipment measures accurately the target’s radial velocity through the shifting of the received frequency up and down by means of the directional beam of the antenna. For instance the moving target is a car and as it recedes from the source, the speed of the car can be measured by firing a beam towards it. The beam is in the form of a radio frequency signal and each wave has to travel in succession to be able to reach the car before it can be reflected and re-detected by the source. As the wavelength increases, the gap between each wave also increases due to the waves moving further. Consequently if the car is approaching, the wavelength will be lesser and also the gap. In either way, computations from the Doppler Effect will determine accurately the velocity of the car. Put it analogously if a person catches a baseball every second with constant velocity, the balls will be received frequently if the thrower is moving towards and less frequent if the thrower is moving away from the catcher. Therefore the affected part is the wavelength and the perceived frequency. Doppler Effect is only capable of determining the speed of the target relative along the line of sight of the target and the radar; furthermore any velocity perpendicular to this line sight will not be determined. Doppler radars may be classified as of a continuous wave type, coherent pulse type, and frequency modulated. Continuous wave radar operates by sending out a known frequency of very pure signal. Though it cannot determine the range of the target, it is ideal in determining the target velocity’s radial component. It is commonly used in traffic enforcement wherein the range is not considered and a quick and accurate measurement of the speed of the vehicle is important. Coherent pulsed or phase synchronized is another way of measuring the speed of an object. Due to Doppler Effect, the returned signal emanating from the target are being shifted away from the base frequency thus enabling the speed of the target relative to the radar be calculated. The Frequency modulated- Continuous wave Doppler radar is capable of sweeping the frequency of the transmitter to determine and encode the range. The range rate is a velocity accurately measured by the combination of the Doppler processing to pulse radars. A target cannot be detected if the range rate reflects a frequency almost near to the frequency of the transmitter and if the target is moving tangentially to the radar beam. Pulse Doppler radar is a combination of a high velocity and long range measurement capabilities. It uses a medium to high pulse repetition frequency usually in a 30 KHz interval. This allows the precise measurement of velocity in high resolution and detection of speeding targets. Speed Cameras consists of a flash unit and is capable of taking photographs of speeding vehicles once triggered by the radar sensor. The time, date, speed, and location are also recorded together with the photo. Compared to other methods of traffic enforcement, it does not require motorists to pull over once the violation is committed. Most of the time speed cameras are installed or deployed either mobile or fixed. If deployed mobile, it is usually attached to the police officers vehicle and roams around various places. Fixed cameras are installed along specific roadway places. Photo radar differs slightly from conventional radar due to the beam width. The width of the beam of a photo radar across a roadway is narrower compared to the width of the conventional radar. This enables the detection to be more specific one vehicle at a time. In the case if there are more vehicles in the beam, the camera will not be triggered to take photographs as seen on the diagram below.

Overview Of Learning Styles Education Essay

This is a three-page research paper discoursing learning manners. It explains what acquisition manners are and relates them to persons. It emphasizes the importance of understanding acquisition manners. It offers descriptions of assorted larning manners. It besides draws premises about the similarities and differences. A short analysis is besides included. It relies on four beginnings presented in APA format. It is an undeniable fact that every individual is different in some manner. As a consequence, everyone learns in a somewhat different mode. Learning manners describe the ways in which people intake information most efficaciously. Academia has recognized several classs of larning manners with which most people can associate. Some people chiefly learn by utilizing one manner of cognition consumption and others use more than one ( â€Å" Overview of larning manners, † 2007 ) . There is non a specific manner or combination of manners that is more good overall, each individual benefits from the manners otherwise. Besides, people can develop their abilities in manners to which they may non be â€Å" of course † inclined. The apprehension of these larning manners allows one to larn more expeditiously and enables those who teach to develop ways to aim specific manners. History of Learning Styles At one clip schools focused on schoolroom direction and taught from books. Such traditional methods encouraged repeat, support, and reappraisal. Today, nevertheless, instruction is using a overplus of new acquisition and learning methods. ( â€Å" Overview of larning manners, † 2007 ) Teachers are get downing to recognize that working with learning manners is good for both pupils and instructors ( Revell, 2005 ) . Teachers can increase the effectivity and efficiency of direction, thereby contradicting the necessity of repeat. This allows pupils to larn more information at a faster rate. Such apprehension was obtained in the seventiess, when theories of larning manners were being developed ( Robotham, 2000 ) . The acknowledgment of a demand for different methods of learning began a new moving ridge of instruction that focused on the pupil alternatively of the content affair. Manners of Learning Learning manners take many different signifiers and concentrate on every facet of information consumption. They consider how one receives information best, in what sort of an environment one most efficaciously learns, and assorted other facets. Learning manners affect non merely the manner one takes in information, but besides what they do with that information, including how one interprets information once it is internalized. Each manner is developed in and utilizes different parts of the encephalon. By doing usage of more than one acquisition manner and affecting every bit much of the encephalon as possible in acquisition, one can break retrieve what they wish to larn ( â€Å" Overview of larning manners, † 2007 ) . There are several different acquisition manners that are widely recognized in the instruction field. Some manners have more than one name, but they all focus on basic methods of information consumption. Ocular and Aural Learning Styles Ocular, or spacial, scholars use images, images, maps, etc. to acknowledge information ( â€Å" Overview of larning manners, † 2007 ) . Ocular scholars organize information harmonizing to colour, form, and other physical features. Such scholars remember things best when they see a drawing or diagram of information. Ocular scholars retrieve faces, but are non good with names ( â€Å" Learning manners, † n.d. ) . They typically display creativeness and work good with touchable art mediums ( â€Å" Learning manners, † ) . Motion can easy deflect a ocular scholar, whereas they may be unaware of noise that surrounds them ( â€Å" Learning manners † ) . Aural, or auditory, scholars prefer to utilize sound and music to forms and colourss ( â€Å" Overview of larning manners, † 2007 ) . They arrange information to beats and melodies in order to retrieve it. Aural scholars can listen to waies and retrieve them. They remember people ‘s voices before they remember what they looked like physically or what they were have oning the last clip they saw the. Aural scholars are peculiarly sensitive to helter-skelter noises, but non to motion environing them. One of the easiest ways for aural scholars to work out jobs is by speaking them out ( â€Å" Learning manners, † n.d. ) Kinesthetic and Linguistic Learning Styles Peoples besides take in information otherwise. Kinesthetic scholars can outdo understand information by utilizing their sense of touch ( â€Å" Overview of larning manners, † 2007 ) . Physically moving or transporting out exercisings is the best manner for kinaesthetic scholars to take in information. Linguistic scholars, on the other manus, understand words best. They are better attuned to speech and composing than really â€Å" making † things ( â€Å" Overview of larning manners † ) . Some people learn best when they use a combination of kinaesthetic and lingual acquisition methods. As a consequence, many pedagogues assign work that involves both reading and exercisings. Social and Solitary Learners Social and lone scholars differ in how the prefer to larn. Although this facet may be considered a penchant, instead than an operation of the encephalon, it has been observed in really immature kids that may non hold had a opportunity to do a witting penchant ( â€Å" Overview of larning manners, 2007 † ) . Social scholars prefer to larn in schoolroom scenes around many people. They like team athleticss and bask being around others ( â€Å" Overview of larning manners † ) . Lone scholars, on the other manus, like to work entirely and bask peaceable larning chances. Both can be catered to in today ‘s acquisition environments. Every individual has a different manner of taking in and retaining information. In the past few decennaries pedagogues have put more accent on the single demands of pupils. Teachers typically supply chances for pupils will all types of acquisition manners. This allows each pupil to larn in the most effectual mode possible, enabling the teacher to concentrate on larger issues. Understanding and utilizing information derived from single acquisition manners can enable a more effectual and efficient educational system.

Ethics Program Essay

The success of Company X is largely determined by the ethical actions and integrity of the employees that support Company X. We are committed to providing education and dialog to promptly address ethical questions or concerns raised by an employee. Managers should encourage discussion amongst employees especially regarding ethics. Ethics dialog should become integrated into a normal work day to keep ethics fresh on everyone’s minds and allow for manager and peer coaching. Ethical dilemmas can occur at any level of business and all employees should be able to make a decision that properly reflects the values and integrity of Company X. We must strive that every action at Company X promotes credibility and builds trust both internally and externally to the company. Respect for Others We all deserve to work in an environment that encourages employee growth and collaboration. Company X is an equal opportunity employer and is fully committed to providing a workplace that is free of discrimination or harassment of any type. The law is very clear regarding this matter and Company X will not tolerate discrimination against another person that includes, but is not limited to, race, sex, age, religious affiliation, national origin, disabilities, or any other class that is offered protection by federal, state or local laws. In addition, harassment of any nature will not be tolerated. Harassment in the work place can take many forms that can include, but is not limited to, unwanted sexual advances, derogatory statements or jokes, lewd emails, unwanted touching, and leering at someone are a few examples of actions that could be considered harassment. It is important to remember what may seem acceptable to you may make someone else feel uncomfortable. A diverse base of cultures, ethnicities, religion and values is at the foundation of America and it should be expected in the work place. You must be contentious of how your actions translate across different cultures and how your actions may be perceived, regardless of intent. Anything that creates a hostile or offensive work environment is unacceptable and will be addressed by management. Any employee who feels discriminated or harassed against should immediately report the incident to his or her manager or human resources. Open Door Policy Company X has an Open Door Policy; this means that everyone should feel comfortable speaking his or her mind, particularly regarding ethics concerns, without fear of reprisal or intimidation. Managers have a responsibility to create a supportive environment where employees feel comfortable discussing any concern or questions that they may have. Company X will only truly benefit when employees feel like that can take any concern they may have to management to prevent a mistake or wrong doing by asking the right question at the right time. Under no circumstance will Company X tolerate retaliation or intimidation against an employee who report instances of questionable or unethical behavior in good faith. All claims will be fully investigated by Human Resources. Any employee who makes a false claim, with malicious intent will face disciplinary actions, up to and including termination. Some actions that could be brought forward in good faith include, but are not limited to, lodging an internal complaint, filing complaint with external agency, unethical practices, requesting accommodations in accordance with ADA Act, refusing to follow unlawful orders, or filing workers compensation claim. Employees are encouraged to address any concerns they may have with their direct manager, ethical or otherwise. In the event the employee does not feel comfortable addressing the concern with his or her direct manager or the direct manager is culpable or unresponsive regarding the ethics violation or other issue, the employee is encouraged to report the incident to the Director of Human Resources. All issues of this nature will be kept confidential unless information must be shared due to legal action. Safety Company X is committed to providing and maintaining a safe workplace. Your safety and the safety of others should take precedence over anything else. All employees are required to comply with all of Company X’s safety rules and guidelines as well as any federal, state and local laws. Each employee is responsible to provide a safe work area for themselves and coworkers by maintaining an organized work area that is free from potential hazards. If there is ever any doubt regarding safety then you should immediately stop and notify manager. If there is ever a doubt about how to safely perform a task, then immediately stop and notify manager. No employee should ever be put in a situation or put others in a situation where they fear for their safety or the safety of anyone else. Any additional measures that could be taken to further increase the safety of an employee should be taken. Any unsafe working conditions or procedures must be immediately reported to your manager. In the event of an injury, regardless of severity, it must be reported immediately to your manager and Human Resources. There is nothing more important at Company X than the safety of our employees. There should never be a situation where an employee is put in an unsafe situation nor should an employee fear reprisal for reporting an unsafe condition. Employees should address safety concerns with direct managers; in the event that the direct manager is unresponsive then the employee must take safety concern to Director of Human Resources. No work is to occur until any safety concern is appropriately addressed. Conflicts of Interests  Employees at Company X must avoid any relationship or activity that might affect our judgment regarding business decisions. We may be faced with a situation where the decision we make to benefit Company X may conflict with our own interests. Opposing, we may be in a situation where a course of action benefits you personally, but may be may not be in the best interest of Company X. As an employee of Company X we must strive to advance the interests of Company X at every opportunity to do so, regardless of personal interests or conflicts. Property, information or position obtained while at Company X should only be used for the benefit of Company X and must never be used for the personal gain or you, your friends or family. Listed are some conflicts of interests intended to illustrate potential conflicts between Company X’s interests and your personal interests. This list is not exhaustive and should be used as a reference:  ·Being employed a competitor or potential competitor, supplier, or customer, regardless of the nature of the employment, while you are employed with Company X. Hiring or supervising family members or friends.  ·Owning or having a substantial interest in a competitor, supplier or customer.  ·Placing company business with a firm owned or controlled by a Company X employee or his or her family.  ·Accepting gifts, discounts, favors or services from a customer/potential customer, competitor or supplier, unless equally available to all Company X employees. It is not always easy to determine if a conflict of interests exists or not. It is always best to seek advice from management and Human Resources when there is any doubt. There is no violation for getting another opinion, so if there is any question at all, you are strongly encouraged to get as many valid opinions as possible. Another area that may present a conflict of interest or position of favor includes business courtesies. Business courtesies include gifts, gratuities, meals, refreshments, entertainment or other benefits from persons or companies with whom Company X does or may do business. We are committed to fair competition in the market through innovative products and solid business integrity. Any action that creates a perception of favorable treatment towards vendors or clients in exchange for business courtesies should be avoided. Company X does not support accepting or giving business courtesies that could constitute unfair business practices, violation of laws, or brings embarrassment to Company X. It should be expected to offer or accept occasional meals, refreshments, entertainment and similar business courtesies as part of standard business practices. Some general guidelines regarding what would be considered appropriate and what would be inappropriate are provided.

Management in a Globailsed world Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Management in a Globailsed world - Assignment Example The expatriate should understand the culture of the destination country. The paper will offer management advice on cross-cultural training before the client sends an expatriate from South Africa to Amsterdam, The Netherlands for a 2-year asasignment. The paper will cover globalization in international business, the factors that matter when an expatriate moves to another country, the importance of culture, the comparison of Netherlands and South Africa’s culture using Hofstede’s model and things that a culturally intelligent executive should be aware of. Globalisation in terms of international business refers to the process of integration and interaction of companies, governments and people of different nations due to international trade and foreign direct investment (Went 2000). Globalisation is the process by which production and marketing in different nations is continuously becoming interdependent due to the changing dynamics in the trade, capital and technology advancements (Ritzer 2010). The current wave of globalisation is driven by the economic deregulation and free trade policies that allow multinational companies to increase the production capacities through setting own manufacturing operations in foreign markets or entering in to marketing partnerships with foreign partners (Neelankavil and Rai 2014). The advancements in technology has allowed multinationals to identify and pursue economic opportunities such as low-cost manufacturing opportunities in developing countries. Globalisation has led to exchange of raw materials , free movement of capital and infusion of cultural norms thus leading to increase in the global production output, stiff competition in markets and improvement in the quality of products (Went 2000). The establishment of multinational organizations such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Trade Organization (WTO) has facilitated the interconnectedness of national economies due to deregulation of

Largemouth Bass Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Largemouth Bass - Essay Example The blotches give it a beautiful look. The anterior part of the fish has 9-11 spines and a clearly divided fin; while, the posterior part consists of 12-14 soft rays (â€Å"Largemouth Bass†, para.1). They are given the name largemouth because their upper jaw is so big that it reaches the rear end of the eyes at either side. In the first year of its life, this fish grows 5-6 inches. In two years, it is about 8-12 inches; and a three year old fish is nearly 16 inches long. â€Å"The Alabama state angling record (16 lb, 8 oz) was caught in Mountain View Lake, Shelby County, in 1987† (â€Å"Largemouth Bass†, para.2). Largemouth Bass are said to be the biggest predators of the aquatic environment. They become active predators right in the first year of their lives. They feed on zooplankton, smaller sunfish, crayfish, smaller amphibians, and other little insects (Oster 10). Adult Bass feeds on smaller Bass and other fish of the aquatic ecosystem. Since this fish has a large mouth, it has the advantage of fewer predators. However, young largemouth bass is preyed upon by many predators like herons and larger fish. They can survive in a wide variety of aquatic habitats; however, they are most commonly found in quieter watery regions, such as manmade ponds, submerged logs, and rock ledges. They are able to tolerate turbidity and loose current in these waters. They are largely found in rivers and lakes in Texas, where they begin their spawning in spring season. It is when the temperature of the waters reaches 60? F. In winters, they move deep into the sea to find warmth; and in spring, they come up on bays that have become warmer (Bridges and Bester, para.6). They come in shallow waters when they are looking for food, in the mornings and evenings. The male bass makes nest under the water where the female bass lays eggs. Then she goes away, and the male bass protects the eggs that hatch in 5-10 days. The newborns are called fry, and they stay in groups called schools. Their schools are under direct supervision of the male bass. The lifespan of a largemouth bass is nearly 16 years (Texas Parks and Wildlife, para. 4). The Official Web site of Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (â€Å"Largemouth Bass†, para.3) states that: Native populations of Micropterus salmoides occur throughout the eastern United States. Extensive stockings of the Florida subspecies, M. s. floridanus, and the mainland subspecies, M. s. salmoides, have expanded the range of this species from the Atlantic to the Pacific coast and from southern Canada into Mexico. The Florida subspecies of largemouth bass has been selectively stocked in Alabama since 1971 and continues to be stocked by state and private fisheries biologists. Subspecies of largemouth bass have been introduced into Texas, and thus, largemouth bass becomes a specialty of this state. Texas has a great number of bass angling clubs where largemouth bass fishing is done. This fishing is very important for Texas’ economy as fish anglers prefer largemouth bass over any other fish for fishing. The trend of catch and release is growing, especially when the anglers catch adult largemouth bass. This is because most of these are female breeders, and it becomes important for the anglers to release them in the same water after catching, so that the breeding of fish is not disturbed. Texas is also popular for largemouth fish as delicious seafood, due to

Self-awareness and Career Management (2) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Self-awareness and Career Management (2) - Essay Example I will undertake the MBTIÂ ® Step I Programme and take the applicable courses from ICA in order to get closer to my goal of being a highly competent accounting person. Measurable Immediately after my graduation I will seek to find employment in the accounting function of a small organization while in the accounting graduate program. I lack work experience in accounting, therefore, the chances of a large multinational organizations declining my application would be very high. I will apply to small or medium sized organizations in the capacity as a trainee or junior or staff accountant in the accounting department. After working for a period of 12 to 18 months in a small or medium sized organization while sharpening my skills in accounting, I would venture out in search of employment in a multinational organization in the capacity of Accounting Manager or Senior Accountant. I would also strive to attend at least 6 public workshops during the next year in order to gain exposure and und erstanding of the accounting process and how to maintain accounts ledgers. Attainable The immediate goal would be to find work experience in the field of accounting with a long term goal to establish a career path within the accounting area at Qatar Petroleum Co. Within the first three months after graduation my goal will be to equip myself with suitable work experience and then work within the accounting field for a minimum of 12-18 months. Additionally, my skills in writing and speaking English need to be improved. Another skill that needs improving is proficiency with excel spreadsheets as it would be important in maintaining a large database of accounts and presenting charts and diagrams on project schedules. I will join the Brookes Entrepreneurs club and also the Oxford Entrepreneurs club in order to expand my network with both compatible and diverse individuals, thereby increasing my prospect of navigating myself into accounting function. Darling (2005) discusses the importanc e of networking. Networking with others who have had similar experiences will be helpful to me as I investigate relocating to the UK and then relocate to the UK. Realistic During the holiday break, I will purchase a CD that teaches how to use Microsoft Office tools more proficiently in order to be armed at managing databases of accounts. I will do more research on the current accounting job market; make an appointment with the Careers and Advice centre; and speak with a career advisor on making my CV more attractive to prospective employers. My interview skills will need to be reviewed with my Career advisor. Upon graduation, I will venture out in search of employment in Accounting Management as a graduate manager-trainee level or even at a staff level. Timely I would aim at improvement of my information technology skills with Microsoft office tools during the next holiday break (2010-1011). I will also join the Brookes Entrepreneurs society and the Oxford Entrepreneurs society imme diately. I will find employment in the capacity of an accounting graduate trainee or an accounting manager – trainee within the first three months after graduation. To summarize, I have goals established to take the MBTIÂ ® Step I Qualifying Programm

Risk and vulnerability Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Risk and vulnerability - Article Example At any rate, I try to change my passwords frequently, at least once a month. I try to use a unique password (a combination of numbers and letters, both uppercase and lowercase letters). It makes access difficult but not impossible against a determined hacker. I also keep duplicate files in separate storage just in case data is corrupted or infected with a virus. Buying the branded anti-virus software is also a good step towards protection (Gutwirth, 2009). If the data were compromised, I will try to retrieve my duplicate files stored somewhere else and avoid the same mistakes. 2. Assessing current vulnerabilities – any digital file or data is always subjected to risks no matter what one does to protect it. The best one can do is to mitigate or minimize these risks by doing some simple things like always backing up important data (to another on-line account or storing it in another device), changing my passwords often, being alert to possible intrusions, buying the latest updated data protection software, and always logging out properly whenever I use any of my digital computer accounts. Additionally, I take good care of my hardware devices such as not spilling liquids on them, shutting them down properly after each session, and try not using these devices for long periods to avoid over-heating. It is helpful to be alert to any phising attempts like MITM (or man-in-the-middle impersonators) and be security conscious

Power Point PHD Defense Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Power Point PHD Defense - Essay Example Whereas some companies have taken advantage of diversity within their organizations to experience growth, others have managed diversity poorly and so gone into administration. The core problem therefore has to do with lack of proper management of diversity in become competitive. Based on the problem identified above, the researcher conducted this study with the purpose of investigating the issue of diversity among companies in Brazil, and finding out how diversity is managed in Spanish and Brazilian companies situated in Brazil. Prompt: Whiles diversity can have several advantages such as promoting cross-functional roles, when it is not managed well it leads to a lot of negative effects. Next we shall review some of the outcomes when diversity is managed poorly. Crowder et al. (2012) defined culture disconnect as a situation where employees refuse to act and go about their roles in a manner that is in line with the organizational culture of the companies they work in. Prompt: The need to avoid such negative effect of diversity was the rationale for which this study was started. Our next slide will therefore give us more ideas on the need not to allow the effects of culture disconnect to happen. Prompt 1: According to Barinaga (2010), a the work output of employees is said to be efficient when employees are able to produce so much within a very short period of time and by the use of the most minimum resources available (Hughes et al. (2012). Where there is disconnect and every employee is pursuing their individual cultures and differences, the need to coordinate efforts to ensure such efficiency becomes hindered. Prompt 2: For employees to work and achieve the most optimal results, it is expected they will frequently consult with others within their rank and exchange ideas, knowledge, skill and competence (Taylor & Hansen, 2005). However, when diversity is not well

National Space Centre Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

National Space Centre - Essay Example Marketing entails the executive process of discovering and predicting customers’ needs in an attempt to satiate them, and thereby make profits from this undertaking. Furthermore, wise investors must know the exact consumer requirements, and device marketing stratagem that will satisfy them, while being able to overcome their opponents. The entrepreneurs must also apply the seven P’s available in the marketing mix. When properly implemented, these aspects give an entrepreneur an upper hand over their competitors. Conversely, while planning for any business experience, one must ensure that he or she employs all aspects of the 7Ps. It is apparent that leaders neglect some of their clients’ needs when they make vital business decisions concerning marketing. This is detrimental, since the clients’ needs are the real reason for any business undertaking. This document will look into this, and mull over pricing, another key aspect in marketing. Introduction Market ing is a crucial aspect in any business organization’s survival. ... are conversant with their clients’ requirements and see to it that it is economically viable to provide these products (and services) to the market. Besides, products can be either commodities or services provided in the market. The competitive nature of the markets today prompts entrepreneurs to employ the seven P’s in their marketing campaign. As a result, this manuscript will consider two of the seven P’s of marketing (price and people), and their influence on the success of National Space Centre in the Science Fiction field. In this manuscript, products will vastly depict services. People as an aspect of Marketing Mix Originally, the business people of the mid 1900s came up with 4P’s that tried to illustrate the business market situation in relation to competition. These included the Product, Price, Place, and Promotion. However, as business expanded with the incorporation of technology, 3 more P’s had to be in operation. These included Physical Evidence, People and Process (Balram & Ghuman 2007, p. 80). Business entailed sale of products and services. During trade, it was evident that the 4Ps benefitted the traders of products more than it did to those in the service business line. Besides, contemporary traders may apply more P’s than the current 7 in determining their market mix. However, this document will only reflect on two P’s, which are Price and People (the clients of the space centre will represent the people). The Leicester’s National Space Centre is about to hold an event. This will commemorate the success of its recent film that entails the experience of astronomers in space and their life in space. Their work has been triumphant because of careful application of the seven P’s crucial in the current, competitive environment. For

Business Plan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Business Plan - Research Paper Example Goal setting is an integral part of a business plan. This helps to have a clear idea of the objectives of the company and assists to formulate its strategies in alignment with the goals set. Following are the goals which would be phased in this business plan. â€Å"The economic structure of an industry is not an accident. Its complexities are the result of long-term social trends and economic forces† (Ehmke, Fulton & Akridge, n.d). The industry analysis will determine the competitive rules and strategies which are required to be formulated by the business. Learning about the industry structure will offer essential insight into the business strategy. Michael Porter has identified five forces which are widely used to evaluate the industry structure. The five forces, together, determine the profit potential of an industry by putting an impact on the costs, prices and necessary investment for a business. Stronger forces are mostly associated with a more challenging environment. The industry analysis identifies and evaluates the significant structural factors for competitive success. In the following section, an industry has been carried out to understand the key factors in solar water heater industry. In the solar water heater industry, there are a large number of suppliers. The organization would establish its production houses in India, where the production cost would be quite low than that in Australia. In this industry, the bargaining power of the suppliers is quite low as the companies do not have to incur any switching cost while changing their suppliers. The concentration of the solar water heater industry is not quite intensive. As a result, suppliers cannot have much power over the manufacturers. The products are mainly made for the rural areas, where the concentration of the buyers is moderate to high.  Ã‚  

Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Term Paper

Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering - Term Paper Example In the field of biotechnology, modern techniques enable the genes to be removed from one organism and inserted into another in order to produce a desired substance, for example, Insulin. Another example is of fire fly. When a gene of fire fly is introduced into tobacco protoplast, the gene produces an enzyme, luciferase. When adult plant is sprayed with substrate luciferin, it glows. Many of human diseases are cured by means of this technology. Biotechnology has produced multiple drugs and vaccines. Bacteria naturally clean up the environment by killing and engulfing the pollutants, but genetic engineers have produced much more improved types of bacteria that can finish the environmental pollutants, increase soil fertility and function as pesticides in a much more efficient manner as compared to naturally occurring bacteria. Similarly, by using the knowledge of biotechnology, the scientists have altered the genotype and phenotype of plants and animals for the benefit of mankind. Some times natural mutation of genes in humans cause malfunctioning in their bodies, the biotechnologists replaces the faulty genes by healthy ones. The gene therapy in which genes are inserted into the cell outside the body is called Ex Vivo gene therapy and within the body is called In Vivo gene therapy. ... The DNA which contains DNA from two different sources is called recombinant DNA. The following bacterial is required for producing recombinant DNA. Isolation of gene from the chromosome The chromosomes are cut on the flanking sites to isolate the genes from them. The enzymes restriction endonucleases are used for this purpose. The genes can also be chemically synthesized in the laboratory or synthesized from messenger RNA by an enzyme named reverse transcriptase. The obtained DNA is termed as complimentary DNA. (Peacock,2010) Molecular Scissor Endoneucleases (restriction enzymes) cut down the viral DNA and restrict their growth. Hamilton O Smith at Johns Hopkins University was the person who isolated the first restriction Enzyme. The specific sites in DNA show specific sequence of four to six nucleotides arranged symmetrically in the reverse order. These sequences are known as Palindromic sequence. Restriction enzymes cut the DNA at the specific sites. Out of four hundred isolated en zymes, twenty are frequently used in recombinant technology. ECORI (a restriction enzyme) cuts double stranded DNA at the cleavage site so that a gap is formed to fit the foreign DNA with its complimentary ends into the gap. (Yount, 2008) Vector (the molecular carrier) Vector is a method by which recombinant DNA is inserted into a host cell. In this method, plasmids (natural extra chromosomal circular DNA) are used as vectors. They carry genes. DNA of bacterial virus is also used as vector. Lambdaphage (vector) attaches to a host bacterium. The recombinant DNA releasing from the virus enters the bacterium and replicates to produce many copies of virus each containing a copy of the gene of choice. Plasmids are cut with enzymes to

What Is a Worldview Essay Example for Free

What Is a Worldview Essay What is a Worldview? I would look at it as a view of the world, but the real meaning of worldview is it being a word that ecompasses a great deal of meaning, emotions, and potential consequences. In review a worldview is a persons philosiphy in life, a framework a person brings to decision-making, and a filter or lens which a person uses to interpret life and the world around them. Part II The question of Origin: How did life begin and how did mankind come into existece. The bible says In the beginning God created the Heavens and the Earth Genesis 1:1. Also Moses, the writer of Geesis under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit; 2 Peter 1:21, identifies God as the first cause. The Psalmist, David declares that God is his creater (Psalm 139:13-16) The question of Identity: What does it mean to be a human? Are humans more important than animals? Psalms 8:5 and Genesis 2:15; Male and female were both created in the image of God and were given the responsibility to rule over the animals and to be their caretakers. Although the earth and animals are not to be worshipped, mankind is responsible to take care of Gods creation. The question of Meaning/Purpose: Why does mankind exist? Deuteronomy 11:13; Leviticus 19:18. Why do I exist? Man is to love the Lord and serve Him with all your heart and with all your soul and to love your neighbor as yourself: I am the Lord. The question of Morality: What is meant by right and wrong? How should I live? Genesis 3; Exodus 20:6 As a result, mankind is in need of redemption. How this happens then differs between Judaism and Christianity. In Judaism, man is in a right relationship with God through good works. The question of Destiny: Is there life after death? What will happen to me when I die? Revelation 21:1-7; Revelation 20:11-15. Heaven and Hell are both literal places where people exist eternally either in the presence and blessings of God in Heaven or in a state of separation from God, being punished in Hell. The choice of receiving Christ as ones Savior or not making that choice while on this earth determines a persons eternal state. Part III 1. I would think about, speak to, and treat others on a daily basis as I would have known them a lifetime. I would talk to them as if God was in the room with us. I would also try to let the person know that there is a God and as a worldview point that believing in him and that the Lord died for our sins is the only way to get to Heaven and that its not false and a true statement. 2. In picking my future career, God will always come first. I am going for my bachelors in psychology now and I am hoping to work with married couples or divorced. I will always try to pray to God before each session to get me through and to guide me in the right direction to help these couples out. All in all God will always be in my life and he will guide me in my career as well. Citation: The book Consider by Dr Lew Weider and Dr Ben Gutierrez

Leadership And Management At Apple Corporation Management Essay

Leadership And Management At Apple Corporation Management Essay Those in management position must develop a leadership style. The selection of styles is contingent on the leaders personal traits. Ultimately, the leader has to select a style that will be most effective for the situation at hand. The general leadership style includes: autocratic, democratic, participative, and laissez faire. Autocratic leaders  tend to tells subordinates what to do and expect them to do it. The subordinates of an autocratic leader are not involved in decision making and have little if any autonomy. Democratic leaders  seek input from subordinates and do what the majority of subordinates want. Some argue that a democratic leader is more of a facilitator than a leader.  Participative leaders  tend to involve subordinates in leadership activities and decision making, but ultimately they retain final authority. A  laissez-faire leader  takes a hands-off approach to leadership, allowing subordinates to make decisions. The mantra of a laissez- faire leader is Hire good people and get out of their way. In this assignment I will focus on just one type the autocratic leadership style its strenghts and weakenesses and when to use this leadership style. To support that, I will also be writing about the Apple Corporation, which includes the CEO of the Corporation Steve Jobs leadership styles and the problems he face. Autocratic leadership Autocratic leadership is an extreme form of transactional leadership, where leaders have absolute power over their workers or team. Staff and team members have little opportunity to make suggestions, even if these would be in the teams or the organizations best interest. Most people tend to resent being treated like this. Therefore, autocratic leadership usually leads to high levels of absenteeism and staff turnover. For some routine and unskilled jobs, the style can remain effective because the advantages of control may outweigh the disadvantages. Aurocratic leadership is a more traditional and classical approach to management relying upon threats and punishment to influence its employees. This style is often called the hard approach to leadership. This method, according to UT (2001) is effective for many reasons; When there is limited time to make a decision. -When there are new and untrained employees who do not know how to perform certain tasks. -When effective supervision can be provided only by orders and instruction. -When employees do not respond to other leadership styles. When work must be integrated with other departments. Mintzberg (1979) described situations in which an autocratic style was most applicable. Entrepreneurial organisations are normally smaller businesses which develop from the ideas and entrepreneurial spirit of one person. This person is responsible for their organisation and makes all the decisions the characteristics of an autocrat. The nature of these smaller organisations and the relative lack of formalisation mean that autocratic leadership is commonplace in this particular part of industry. Another situation where the autocratic leadership style proves appropriate is while doing group projects. Many group projects tend to fail because group members depend on each other to make decisions. Such situations demand the need of an authoritative leader who can make decisions for the group. The leader should determine the ways in which the project would be done, divide the job among the members, and also set a deadline for completion of the project. Though there have been cases where adopting an autocratic leadership style has led to the success of the company, it is very rare for such leaders to remain popular among the employees and workers. In a nut shell, it can be said that autocratic leadership can be accepted when the need arises, while a good leader would be a person who respects the opinions of his employees while making a decision. Autocratic leaders in the work place Autorcratic leadership in the work place will permit quick decisions, facilitates speedy implementation of plans, leaders are highly satisfied. It will also be effective when subordinates are less knowledgeable and experienced, and in case of extreme crises, this style may be the only solution. However some studies suggest that organizations with lots of autocratic leaders have higher turnover and absenteeism than other organizations.   With todays emphasis on joint decision making and empowerment, employees just entering the workforce will be highly resistant to this management style. So the autocratic leadership style should be not be used when you want to get your employees engaged in the decision making process.   Autocratic leaders are also not very effective in situations where your employees might become resentful or fearful. Finally, if your company is struggling with low morale or is interested in building employee relationships, an  autocratic leadership style  will only make things worse. The Apple Corporation Apple was launched successfully in 1976 by Founders Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak, with the company initially growing at a tremendous rate -led by the Apple II and other state of the art computer products. In September 1997, Steve Jobs was appointed the interim CEO of leading information technology (IT) company, Apple Computers (Apple), by the Apple board. Considering the fact that the companys board itself had ousted Steve in a coup in 1983, this development was watched with interest by media and industry observers. Steves comeback was being seen as Apples desperate attempt to survive one of its worst phases: losses for 1997 amounted to $ 1.6 billion. The company reportedly needed a charismatic leader who could steer it back to profitability and revive its fortunes. Those who had followed Steves career graph over the decades were not too surprised at these developments. Steve made a successful business out of creating PCs that were not only user friendly but were also aesthetically pleasing, unlike the dull models available those days. Steves research on the Macintosh resulted in the creation of the windows interface and the mouse technology, which went on to become standards in the s oftware industry. Steve was named the Entrepreneur of the Decade in 1989 by Inc magazine. He was also placed 39th on the Advertising Age Top 100 Advertising People list. Internally Steve Jobs tends to be very authoritative, His decisions were made with minimal consultation, and his decisions were made quicker allowing him to respond to changes in the business environment more quickly. The Environmental changes which includes facing their competitors, such as Microsoft. On the other hand, because of his manipulative behavior he is considered by some of his employees as authoritative. His behavior and Autocratic style in meetings for instance is described as being rude, and obnoxious. Because of his quest for perfection he has domineering presence which makes some of the employees fear him. Figure 1.1 Apples Biggest Competitors remains to be the Microsoft Corporation. Although Bill Gates Leadership style was democratic and participative, Steve Jobs was autocratic and efficient in a way. His work is a demonstration of both innovation and creativity. He is responsible for the creation and release of the iPod and I Phones. Most people do not know this, but Apple Inc. put up overwhelming resistance when Jobs proposed the iPod idea. For Apple, that represents an impressive 250 percent revenue growth. And Due to Steves speedy decisions, Figure 1.1 shows that Apple could catch up with Microsoft as early as 2010 or 2011, given the current growth rates. Pros and Cons of Autocratic Leadership In fact we might not think there are a lot of good things to say about autocratic leaders. This style of leadership is often very stressful on fellow employees and makes the  work environment  itself not such a fun place to be.   But like all leadership styles, there is a time and a situation where the style is appropriate. style pros cons Autocratic Effective for theory X Workers Gives leader control over decisions Loses effectiveness over time Theory Y workers may not respond Does not develop future leaders Pros of Autocratic Leadership In the workplace, some conditions may simply call for urgent action, and in these cases an autocratic style of leadership may be best style to adopt. Surprisingly, most workers have already worked for an autocratic leader and therefore have little trouble adapting to that style. In fact, in times of stress or emergency some subordinates may actually prefer an autocratic style they prefer to be told exactly what to do.   So to summarize the autocratic leadership style is very effective when times are stressful, but very stressful during those times when the pressure is off the followers or coworkers. Steve Jobs in the Apple Corporation for instance preferred the autocratic style for quicker decision making and also control over his decisions. Steve Jobs is demanding both towards himself and towards his employees. His deadlines often seem impossible to meet, but is constantly moving, moving towards improvement in all spheres and fields of his work. Due to Steve Jobs high Autocratic leadership style, some ways Apple might be better off without Steve Jobs. But case in point, the rapid decisions and invention of such items as IPods, I Phones were very difficult and complex in implementation. Only an autocratic leader like Jobs could ever withstand the public outcry for such basic functionality. Cons of Autocratic Leadership The communication style of an autocratic leader is usually described as one way.   They tell you exactly what they want done.  The feedback you would get from this type of leader would generally be unplanned.  They would simply tell you when youve made a mistake. The decision making process is usually unilateral and they accomplish goals by directing people.   Now that might not sound like the type of leader youd follow. Although Steve Jobs way of leading autocratically will enable faster decisions to be made in the short term, but this will deprive subordinates of the opportunity to gain experience and start on their own leadership development, (Does not develop future leaders). The subordinates cannot learn from their mistakes, and the manager is actually de-skilling their workforce which will lead to poorer decisions and productivity in the long run. Figure 1.2 Apple Inc Vs Microsoft Company. How did Bill Gates and Steve Jobs Differ in their Leadership Style? Well, Bill gates leadership is participative style because he involves his subordinates in decision making. He is a flexible person and he recognized his role was to be visionary of the company. Whenever needed, he bring professional managing and well structure of the organization. His motivating power and involving friends to working with him became the success of Microsoft. On the other hand, Steve Jobs leadership is autocratic style, because he centralizes the authority, he never given a chance to subordinates to involving decision making. He thinks that whatever he do is right. His relation with employees is not good; he fails to motivate them in many times. His conceited and self-satisfied attitude and lack of management skills became a threat of Apples success. Conclusion So, does an autocratic style of leadership always ensure organizational success? The simple answer is no. A style of leadership can never ensure success but what it can do is to aid that process and compel it into being a success. Autocratic styles of leadership are becoming less and less applicable but there are still many contexts in which they work. Entrepreneurial organizations especially in their early and formative years rely upon this style as without it there would be no conviction and effective decision making. Where it fails is in larger organizations where employees hold greater power and there is a more formalized culture. Democracy in decision making and involving them is a key to maintaining employee motivation which is vital for the productivity of the company. Leadership is action, not position.   Donald H. Mcgannon

Unilever Ethical Issues

Unilever Ethical Issues Unilever is employed 2, 27,000 people in approximately 150 countries. This company always tries to maintain their employee rights and responsibilities. To focus some employee rights of Unilever in below: To protect the health and safety of employees at work To must respect employees fundamental rights To encourage personal development of employees To provide training facilities on chemicals or dangerous job To inform employees about serious workplace hazards To assure the employees job security To evaluate the employees on the basis of their working performance Conflicts Most of the conflicts happen on local or national level. Generally, plant closures and opposition of employees are involved in conflicts. In Europe, the management of Unilever is promoted to attract new investors and securing the employees jobs. But in other regions, conflicts increase when Unilever rejects to build up the freely-elected unions as the courier of the employees and turns to threatening employees to shock away from the unions and attempts to make a company-friendly manager-made union. In India, conflicts occur when the employees decrease due to the shift of production to other sites. For example- Garden Reach detergents factory at Calcutta in India reduces employees due to move production to new areas. Responsibilities Manufacturing Department Unilever is mainly engaged in manufacturing its food and home personal care products in 150 countries around the world. The main responsibilities of this department are: Increasing production with no additional manufacturing cost. To invest in local manufacturing firms and contribute to local trade and industry development. To improve the eco-efficiency to the manufacturing sites. Distribution Department The main aim of distribution department is to be the supplier of choice for their potential customer and to ensure that consumers use their product through different distribution channel. To show some responsibilities of distribution department are given below: To work in joint venture with retailers on sustainability issues. To support retailers in educating consumers on health. Reducing environmental impacts resulting from distribution of the Products. To ensure consumers everywhere have right to use to products. To use and promote environmentally-friendly refrigeration technology. Marketing Department The marketing department of Unilever communicates responsibly with their consumers through advertising and marketing strategy. This department focuses on some responsibilities: To take a responsible approach to marketing and advertising. To help consumers make healthier choices for their diet. To ensure consumer self-confidence in chemicals used in home and personal care products. To help consumers to reduce their environmental impacts and to dispose of their products responsibly. Branding Department Recently, Unilever is owned approximately 2000 different brands worldwide. It is acquired many local or national companies which legacy continued for a long time. The branding departments responsibilities are furnished under: To create brand awareness of Unilevers products. To built preference and loyalty of brands. To maintain the branding quality. Research Development Department Through the investment in research and development, Unilever meets the diverse and changing needs of consumers in all the markets. Some responsibilities of this department are also shown below: To enhance the nutritional quality of foods. To minimize the difficult environmental impacts of the products. Integrating social, economic and environmental factors into brand development plans. To research and promote alternatives to animal testing. Marketing Unilevers marketing strategies are tightly aligned to focus on deployment and brand building through their products. The company ensures that their products are high-quality and maintain the standard product line too. On the whole, Unilevers marketing strategies are divided into three categories- target marketing, market segmentation and market positioning. Target Marketing Unilever has launched over 2000 brands still now. Consequently, they are followed different target marketing strategies according to variation of products brands. For example, Lipton tea is a popular branded product of Unilever and this company uses niche marketing strategy for this product. On the other hand, they also support mass marketing strategy for some common world-wide products such as Lux, All Clear, Sunsilk, Dove, Heartbrand ice creams and so on. Market Segmentation Unilevers market segments basically depends on four business categories-Personal Care; Home Care; Savoury, Dressings Spreads; and Ice Cream Beverages. By going after segments instead of the whole market, Unilever can distribute just the right value scheme to each sector served and capture more value in return. Its market segmentation is very effective because the purchasing power of Unilevers product and profiles of segment can be measured, its product can easily be reached to the potential customers. Market Positioning Unilever is one of the well-known market leaders that capture the global market positioning by their core-product activities. Their main aim is to be confined the market positioning through the following: 1) The purchase national companies 2) To invest in a green field site in that country 3) To import (when possible and profitable) from outside sources. Unilevers turnover was highest in 2002. So, their sales growth also rises during that year. But the following year, their turnover is decreasing day by day. And in 2005, due to Halal Soap concept, their turnover take the lowest position that means their sales growth is few. We also see that their turnover is increasing from 2005 to 2008. As a result companys sales growth also enlarges. At last, Unilever are trying to achieve the highest position again also trying to hold the global market successfully. Information technology The innovative employees of Unilever use a common information system to share best practices and abruptly introduce new products around the global. They think that information technology is the best equipment to finish their job successfully. In general they are made the OSBC benchmarking process because of tracking its innovative rate, underlying volume growth and spending on Research Development. Unilevers information technology designs on the basis of information structure, setting policies for sourcing, compliance and data protection. Communication Communication is any kind of connection. It may be internal or external. Unilevers communication system is very good and this company follows a effective communication procedures. The employees in Unilever are interrelated by communicating their daily activities such as preparing accounting report, attending organizations cultural program, creating friendly environment with their colleague etc. Unilever tackles complaints from external stakeholders such as consumers, suppliers, wholesalers, and stockholder and so on. Still there is no recognized policy to conduct external complaints handling. They have a third party handle external enquiries made via the website, email and letters. Basically, this companys success depends on good relationship with large group of people and organization who have stake in its business. Freedom of action The board of Unilever is responsible to practice an active process for compliance, monitoring and reporting to the high level about employee performance. They are ensured that employees can put the strategy into action. Unilever argue that the freedom of association and rights of employees to engage in constructive collective bargaining within the host country law. Basically, Unilever gives their employees moderate freedom of action. This organization values depends on their workers on basis of action performance and also provide rewards for better presentation. Unilever always try to motivating their employees by different types of activities like workshop, recreational activities, and also bestow huge liberty to their stroke. Additionally, all employees of Unilever have had access to a toll-free 24-hour ethics telephone hotline worldwide from 2004. This hotline allows employees to raise any concerns in absolute confidence. Censorship on the internet Unilevers censorship is rigorously controlled to protect the accessing information on the internet. All other multinational companies like Unilever is also involved with internet and give the company information and its growth on internet. But recently securing their information, they are increased e-mail monitoring to the retention of Web logs and communication data. At the same time, Governments have happen to more secretive about the companys activities, dropping information that was before available and declining to adhere to policies on freedom of information. Besides that, Unilever would appreciate and follow the ethics of the internet. Computer and work Computer has grasped every side of activities of the modern universe and that is why present world is called computer world. At present time, any organization does not finish their work efficiently without using the computer. Accordingly, Unilever are controlled their all working activities by computerized system such as using computerized machines, equipments for production and research development. Similarly, they also use modern technology which is made by computers to access in global communication process, increasing global marketing and so on. Law When Unilever starts business in a country, this company must obey that countrys federal and provincial legislation as it is enacted and also applicable legislation in jurisdictions. Unilever operations in commands with less strict privacy laws are anticipated to construct all rational efforts to meet the requirements. Unilever or any of its directors, officers, employees, agents or representatives should be loyal for maintaining the every countrys law procedures. Security Unilever is applied fire and burglar detection as well as inspection solutions for the warehouse. This company provides 400 brands spanning 14 sorts of home, personal care and foods products. They are strictly observed to grant an access control, fire burglar detection and inspection solution method for securing their warehouse. They also set up the close-circuit camera to make a decision on-site based on practical revelations of the field of sight and the preferred result. At present, Unilever drives an audit system on trail of loading, off loading, weighing procedures, visitor movement, health and safety compliance, compliance with other internal controls and procedures from an accounting point of view. Answer to the Assignment Question No. 2 Country overview The kingdom of Bhutan is renowned as a landlocked nation in South Asia and is situated at the eastern end of the Himalaya Mountains. It is alienated from the close by state of Nepal to the west by the Indian state of Sikkim and from Bangladesh to the south by West Bengal. Bhutan is also a lonely country in the world. But now, Bhutan is developed in their different sectors including direct international flights, the internet, mobile phone networks and even cable television have increased to modernize the urban areas of this country. The legal system The legal system of Bhutan is determined mainly by Royal High Court of Bhutan, which is selected by the sovereign. This legal system primarily based on Indian law and English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ (International Court of justice) jurisdiction. Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal broadcasted the first set of Bhutanese laws and this law was completed in 1652 during the reign of Deb Umzed Tenzin Drugyel who is the first temporal ruler. It was footed closely on Buddhist principles and tackled the violation of both temporal and spiritual laws. These laws include ten pious acts, known as Lhachoe Gyewa Chu and the sixteen virtuous acts of social piety, referred to as Michoe Tsangma Chudrug. The 10th Desi, Mipham Wangp o merged and adjusted the certain parts of the code of Zhabdrung. The 13th Desi, Chogyal Sherub Wangchuk, ready certain amendments of the Code in the mid 18th century. Afterwards, the first and the second Druk Gyalpo also made extra amendments. During the reign of the Third Druk Gyalpo, the national assembly endorsed the first comprehensive codified law known as the Thrimzhung Chhenmo. After that, some amendments and legislations are added to the changing needs of him Bhutanese nation. Sources of law The sources of law on which the jurists have put on their consensus are as follows: Custom Custom is described as the twilight of law in Bhutan which resides in habitual practice and usages. To acquire force of law, the Bhutanese custom must have the following ingredients: a) Antiquity b) reasonableness c) conformity with statutory law d) observation as a right e) consistency with morality and public policy. Religion Religion is also an important source of law. Bhutanese law provides for freedom of religion, thought and conscience. The Bhutanese people support both Kagyupa and Nyingmapa Buddhist monasteries. The noble family follows a combination of Nyingmapa and Kagyupa Buddhism. On the other hand, the government are restricting the celebration of some non-Buddhist religious festivals and limiting construction of non-Buddhist religious buildings, although many people openly practice Hinduism in the southern areas of Bhutan. Equity Equity means natural justice. In Bhutan there are three main courts I) The High Court II) the Supreme Court III) The Dzongkhag Court. The High Court made up 7 to 9 Judges, which is controlled by the Chief Justice of Bhutan. A Dzongkhag court that means District court includes of a minimum of single judge and a maximum of three judges. A Dungkhag court that means Sub-district court involves of one judge. The justices of the Supreme Court are appointed by the chief justice and seal on the proposal of the National Judicial Commission from among persons of high honesty who are acknowledged authorities on the laws of Bhutan. The interested person should at least work as a High Justice for seven years to be appointed as the Justices of the Supreme Court. Precedent Precedent means the judge-made law. It is an essential source of law. Circumstances of Bhutanese law which destroy or weaken the binding force of precedent are: a) abrogated decision b) reversal on a different ground c) ignorance of status d) inconsistency with earlier decision of Higher Court e) inconsistency between earlier decisions of the same rank f) decisions of equally divided Courts g) erroneous decisions and so on. Legislation Legislation is the biggest sources of law. In National Assembly of Bhutan practices a large volume of legislation law. At present, the current issues such as drug abuse, terrorism problems etc. affecting the legislation process. The Bhutanese government tries to develop their legislation policy and implement that effectively. Court structure The courts in Bhutan consist of the Supreme Court, the High Court, the Dzongkhag Courts, the Dungkhag Courts, and any other Courts that may be established from time to time. At present, the Bhutanese legal system has maintained three types of court system: Figure 2: The Court Structure of Bhutan The High Court: The High Court is the highest court of law in Bhutan. It was established in 1968 is the apex Court presided by the Chief Justice of Bhutan. It has three Benches and a minimum of two judges encompass a Bench. The High Court exercises original jurisdiction as well as appellate and extra-territorial jurisdiction. The High Court possesses intrinsic powers and exercises extra-territorial jurisdiction on the basis of international law principles as with the Supreme Court. At the moment, it places at the apex of the Bhutanese judicial system and is controlled over by the Chief Justice of Bhutan. The Dzongkhag Court: Bhutan is geographically divided into twenty districts and each district has a District Court. The first Dzongkhag (District) Court of Bhutan was established in 1960/61. The District Court is made up of one Bench some District Courts have division Benches too. The District Court exercises unique jurisdiction in all cases in its defensive jurisdiction. The District Court system of Bhutan is leaded by a Dzongkhag drangpon. Every Dzongkhag drangpon is aided by one or more drangpon rabjams. The Dungkhag Court: The Dungkhag Court that means the Sub-District Court is the lowest formal court in Bhutan. It was established in 1978. The Dungkhag Court practices creative jurisdiction in all cases in their territorial jurisdiction. It is supervised by a Dungkhag Drangpon. Different forms of business allowed to operate and the laws governing them Banking business: The banking business in Bhutan is increasing slowly as the country has practiced in modernization. Every bank in Bhutan is established by following Financial Institution Act of Bhutan and The Royal Monetary Authority of Bhutan Act, 1982. The Royal Monetary Authority is responsible to issue the currency, implement the monetary policy, organize financial institution activities, and hold the governments foreign exchange earnings. Non-banking financial institution also set up to contribute countrys economic growth. Telecom business: Bhutan telecom industry is growing day by day. The government of Bhutan is giving the excusive opportunities to develop this sector. Every company who is related to telecom business must be practiced the Bhutan Telecom Act. The renowned companies such as Alcatel-Lucent, Cisco, Ericsson, Huawei, Motorola, Nokia Siemens Networks, Nortel and Tellabs are doing their business successfully effectively in Bhutan. Medical health care business: Bhutans medical health care systems are urbanized in the early 1960s. In that time, a department of public health and the opening of new medical hospital are established to serve the Bhutanese people but have no medical law. At present time, all medical hospitals and health care centre are pursued cite as Medical and Health Council Act, 2002 Medical Act of the Kingdom of Bhutan. Postal Business: The Bhutan postal system is facing to alarming change in the 1990. The national postal network consists of 90 channels which is included by 2 General Post Offices, 43 Post Offices, 3 Agency Post Offices and 42 Community Mail Offices. And it is followed cite as Bhutan Postal Corporation Act, 1999. At present fax, Internet, e-mail or electronic bill payments is the core postal business in Bhutan. Information Media Business: The Infocomm and media authority in Bhutan are doing hard job to develop this sector. A law is passed on information media sector and it refer to Bhutan Information, Communication Media Act, 2006. The Bhutanese government make easy to increase speed growth of the ICT and media markets and pick up delivery of services. Transport Services: The Road Safety Transport Authority (RSTA) has begun to provide transport services in Bhutan in an organized way. The government of Bhutan made up a law for maintaining the transportation services mention as The Road Act of the Kingdom of Bhutan, 2004 and Road safety Transportation Act, 1999. At present condition, the numbers of transports are increased rapidly during the last decades. Dispute resolution procedures/options available and their effectiveness The dispute resolution procedures/options available are accomplished in the place designed by The Royal Government of Bhutan. Its main function is to deal with complex matters facts and find out a effective solution as soon as possible. For example, Royal Government of Bhutan is formed a hydropower projects to account for the relevant legal, technical, environmental, social and financial issues. Laws relating to Copyrights: The copyright act of Bhutan was cited as The Copyright Act of the Kingdom of Bhutan, 2001. This law has become especially relevant because of tremendous growth of the use of internet. The rights under copyright are encouraged to the authors and artists by securing their works and derive income from them. Trademarks: Bhutan is a tiny country moving the northern border of India and adjourning Nepal. The trademarks law has made recently in Bhutan in 1997 that is followed by the Industrial Property Regulation 1997. The registration of trademarks create great value to a business- the owner of the registered trademark can use in many ways, he/she can earn the exclusive legal rights to use and licensing or selling it within Bhutan for his products or services. Patents: A patent is a contract between the government of Bhutan and an inventor. It provides protection for the creation to the owner of the patent. Generally, it is followed by Industrial property Regulation 1997 and it is granted for a restricted time such as 20 years in Bhutan. Actually, Patents present incentives to persons by offering them to acknowledgment for their creative work and material reward for their saleable inventions. These incentives persuade innovation which declares that the quality of human life needs continuously improvement. Designs: In general design means a products overall form and functions. The designs law is controlled by the Industrial Property Regulation 1997. Truly, designs are applied in individually crafted products like technical and medical instrument and luxury items, electrical appliances, cars, architectural structures, textile designs, furniture, toys, household products, sports equipment, product packaging and containers etc. Answer to the Assignment Question No. 3 Globalization Unilever is the leading united global foods and home and personal care Company in the world. It is rising powerfully in developing and emerging markets to fight with other competitors. In an age of globalization, Unilevers neighboring bosses are becoming kings who take vital strategic decisions separately. There are replication and even triplication of corporate formations, generating needless complications. The effects of globalization are influenced strongly to Unilevers worldwide businesses. When Unilever starts operations in Indonesia and South Africa and more newly in Vietnam, have specified them a more exhaustively understanding of their crashes on the local economy. In 1995, Unilever had started its operations in Vietnam and this company maintained close relationship with its suppliers because they were accounting because the companys production volume was 40 per cent, its raw materials were 20 per cent and 87 per cent of its packaging materials. Unilever Company-the supplier relationship was meaningful because both parties needed one another to be succeeded. Unilever roped its suppliers through training and technology transfers. It also proposed them such kind of financial support to raise their equipment. In turn, the suppliers were supplied to Unilever with sophisticated packaging facilities. This relationship are encouraged Unilever to set up their business globally and they are also learned how treat to global suppliers competitor for establishing their position in the peak. However, Unilever also faces negative effects that changes it global strategy. Recession in America will contain unplanned effects in the rest of the world. On the other hand, prices for food merchandise and energy will stay inflexibly sky-scraping. Like most of its opponents, Unilever will include to enlarge its prices for food as well as household and personal-care products. As a result, it hits sales of Unilever products especially in emerging economies. ÂÂ   Developments in information, Communications and Technology (including internet) Unilever has done its informational activities through an automation process by using the internet. At present, Unilevers automation systems are so much developed. They collect and distribute their all information by a computerization system which is involved with internet. As a result, the customers of Unilever get easily its company information, about new brands, its research project news and so on in their global website. The Communication strategy of Unilever are residential tied into the points of the project such as awareness, understanding, buy in, commitment and post go-live with precise materials and explicit messages urbanized for each segment and targeted at various viewers clusters. Unilevers communication process is too easy to understand for their employees. Hues innovative technologies which fulfill different audience groups demand. Unilever are deployed a completely new technology infrastructure using Microsoft Premier Support. Unilever IT department handles E-mail, Active Directory, and other services distributed globally to the entire Unilever personnel. Its older technology was missed key capabilities, lost huge productive time because of unexpected outages. But now Unilevers new technology named active directory to assist control the identities and relationships that formulate the Unilever network environment. Unilever diminishes the hazard of method downtime and break to business users by using the new technology. The progress in e-mail and system accessibility permits employees to continue productive. Culture Corporate Culture Unilever managers are specified extensive training, and their career development is timepiece over carefully. A well-built corporate culture are facilitated to turn Unilevers management into the middle binding compel of the company and avoiding it from becoming a conglomerate still at its most branched out. There are little weird people in the upper ranks of Unilever and contrasted to most companies. Moreover, Unilever are eminent worldwide by capable and qualified management. Corporate Governance Corporate governance changes the compliance costs involvement for Unilevers international businesses to get together different regulatory needs in other jurisdictions. The accounting standards are one instant prospect for faster co-operation. Both parts of Atlantic are expensive and incompetent to assemble different standards. So, the recent opportunities are moved with time to greater union. The settlements are unquestionable in terms of amplified Unilevers cross-border investment, its deeper international capital markets and lower costs for this company. Power Unilever Already has a global power based in England Netherlands and this renowned company is trading with virtually all parts of the word. After establishing a year, Unilever easily capture the global market through their attractive brand products and stand a strong position from their competitors. Now, Unilever has over 2000 brand products in whole world and this company are influenced most of the countrys economy. Moreover, this company with no trouble enters any country and established its business quickly rather than other competitors through using free trade agreement facilities. No governments are pressured this company by their political power because Unilever is an associate of a number of powerful lobby groups on the national, European, regional and the global level. Politics Since 1960s the political risks of promising countries are rising day by day. A figure of countries are nationalized to Unilever businesses. Foreign organizations are subject to compound controls on prices, imports, production, dividends, borrowings, remittances, expatriate employment and salaries. The governments are limited to the payment of dividends service fees that is a rush of demand for local fairness contribution. Consequently, many large US firms such as IBM and Coca Cola both left India in 1970. But Unilever are developed into a master at delaying tactics. They are also using its widespread contacts and trying to make goodwill in numerous countries to adapt regulations and good dealing with governments. Sometimes, the most important market corruptions of Unilever are increased in corporate and public life. However, Unilevers strong policy and exclusive decision are helped to overcome that situation. Law Unilever and its employees are required to obey with the laws and regulations of the countries in which they operate. As a multinational company Unilever are spreading their businesses worldwide and but every countries legislation system is vary from country to country. So, according to various countries legislation procedures, Unilever also changes their legal system, creating different law policies for different countries. And they try to treat with their employees, customers, suppliers and competitors in a legal way which country they operate. But lack of conscious they are facing trouble such in India, Unilever violated the Indian labor Law. Due to these reasons they lost their market position. Choice Unilever is one of the worlds largest consumer products companies that are marketing a wide range of foods and home and personal care products. The Unilever products including skincare products are shaped based on elevated safety and physical condition standards and are all permitted by BPOM as evident in the BPOM registration number printed on the packaging of each product. At present time, most of the consumers in global market choice Unilever products because of ensuring safety and high quality. Consumers to be more careful when purchasing the products such as giving attention to the following selling price, checking the BPOM registration number, also checking name of manufacturer which are printed on the packaging and finally observing the packaging quality. Without doubt Unilever are succeeding to fill up the consumers all expectation in an organized way. Thus, Unilever detain its position in the consumers mind easily. Conclusion: Before we finish this assignment, we are focused on Unilevers product extension and the enhancement of its quality to combine perfectly with the ethical issues. This business organization is being extended to force growth in the long run even though short-term success may be impacted in the asset stage successfully establish its position in the global market. Moreover, Bhutan also pursues a well-organized legal system. Its laws regulations are relevant to business oriented and it helps to create new business opportunities.

An Essay on Man :: Alexander Pope Religion Essays

An Essay on Man Alexander Pope's An Essay on Man is an attempt to vindicate, as Milton had attempted to justify, the ways of God to man. Both attempt to explain God to man, but come up with different conclusions. Milton states that man can overcome God's design through faith and decency. In contrast, Pope remarks that man must accept what life gives him without trying to change his fate. Milton seeks to "justify the ways of God to men" (Paradise Lost, 1.26) through example. Paradise Lost focuses on the fall of man and the consequences thereof. After the fall of man, Adam and Eve must endure their punishments, and achieve redemption. They can no longer live within the confines of Eden; but through faith and conviction they will persevere. God gives Adam and Eve free will and the use of reason. Although they choose poorly and are punished with the pains and sufferings of humanity, God allows Adam and Eve to live; though not as they were accustomed to in Paradise. They must live life as we know it; with its weaknesses, yearnings, inevitable defeats; but with the knowledge that they can overcome "To leave this Paradise, but shalt posses / A Paradise within thee, happier far" (Paradise Lost, 12.586-587). Similar to Milton, Pope tries to "vindicate the ways of God to man" (An Essay on Man, p. 2264.16), however he derives a different conclusion. Pope believes that "In pride, in reasoning pride, our error lies" (An Essay on Man, p. 2266.123). He sets out to demonstrate that no matter how imperfect and disturbingly evil the universe may appear; it is nonetheless a work of God and must be accepted "Then say not man's imperfect, Heaven in fault; / Say rather, man's as perfect as he ought" (An Essay on Man, p. 2265.69-70). It seems imperfect to us only because our perceptions are limited by our moral and intellectual capacity. His conclusion is "And, spite of pride, in erring reason's spite, / One truth is clear: Whatever is, is RIGHT" (An Essay on Man, p. 2270.291 - 292) that we must learn to accept our positions in the universe, in which we can, lead happy and virtuous lives.

Free Much Ado About Nothing Essays: Relationships :: Much Ado About Nothing Essays

Much Ado About Nothing:   Relationships  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Shakespeare In Much Ado About Nothing, most of the characters had interesting relationships with each other.   For example, Hero and Claudio, were deeply in love.   Also, Don Juan, and Don John were fighting with each other.   Another example was the close friendship between Benedick, Claudio, and Don Juan.   But the relationship between Benedick and Beatrice was different than the others.   In their relationship, they hated each other, that brought them together.   Their personalities were so similar, that it made them sick of each other, but the similarities in their personalities is also what brought them together.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Benedick was a smart, good-looking, and funny guy.   He was very witty, and always had a response to anyone's comments.   For example, when he was talking to Beatrice, he always had a comment to finish of the conversation.   He also didn't like the idea of marriage.   Benedick thought that marriage led to the trapping of men.   When he heard about Claudio getting married, Benedick thought that Claudio was crazy, because Benedick felt that marriage was going to change the way Claudio lived.   Benedick was also very stubborn.   He never wanted to give into other people's ideas, and that was why he didn't want to give into the idea that marriage could be a good thing in a person's life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Beatrice was a character very similar to Benedick.   She was a very independent person, and didn't want to rely on anyone for support.   She also was very smart.   She enjoyed reading poetry, and thought about things a lot.   She also was against marriage.   During one conversation, she even said that she would rather die than get   married.   Another characteristic of Beatrice was that she was very emotional.   She often changed her mood all of a sudden for no apparent reason.   Also, Beatrice kept many of her feelings inside her.   Sometimes she would be angry but wouldn't show it,because she always had to feel strong, and look like she didn't need anyone.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The traits and characteristics of Beatrice and Benedick were what brought them together, and also what separated them. Beatrice and Benedick were separated because, they always thought that they had to be independent, and not need each other. Another factor that kept them from coming together was that they always fought with each other.   In trying to seem strong, they were actually fighting with each other, and hurting each other's feelings.

Father and Son Relationship, Angela’s Ashes Essay

One of the strongest things in this world is the love that forms between a father and his son. Many boys grow up with the desire to be just like their fathers but for Frank McCourt having an alcoholic father causes him to grow up with the mentality of being the opposite of him. In Angela’s Ashes the interesting relationship between Frank and Malachy creates positive and negative impacts on Frank’s life. At times, Frank despised his father for drinking the dole money but he knew that in the morning he would have his father to himself. Sitting on his father’s lap and hearing stories about Cuchulain was what made Frank feel loved. Although Malachy managed to make his son feel special, the sufferings that were caused by him made negative impacts on Frank’s life. One of the positive impacts that Malachy created for Frank was the Cuchulain story. Cuchulain symbolized Malachy’s fatherly side which only happened when he was sober. Cuchulain was something that Frank shared with his father which made it extremely special for him. He hold on to the memories he spend with his father and no matter how mad Frank was at Malachy he knew that the best thing to do was hold his anger in and not put their relationship in danger, â€Å"My heart is banging away in my chest and I don’t know what to do because I know I’m raging inside like my mother by the fire and all I can think of doing is running in and giving him a good kick in the leg and running out again but I don’t because we have the mornings by the fire when he tells me about Cuchulain and DeValera and Roosevelt and if he’s there drunk and buying pints with the baby’s money he has that look in his eyes Eugene had when he searched for Oliver and I might as well go home and  tell my mother a lie that I never saw him couldn’t find him† (McCourt 185). Frank knows his father’s addiction is what made the family suffer. The special moments that Frank created with his father was what stopped him from kicking him in the leg. Although Frank saw his father drink his little brother’s money, it was Frank’s love toward his dad that made him walk away from the pub. Malachy’s addiction affected the way Frank solved his problems. Since Malachy was always out in pubs it created a negative impact on his relationship with Frank. When Frank got troubled for hearing the word â€Å"piss† he turned to the Angel on the Seventh Step for help instead of his father. Malachy’s drinking often causes Frank to distance himself away from him during times where he was in need. Since Frank noticed that Malachy’s fatherly side only came out when he was sober he decided to seek help somewhere else. When he received help from the angel, Malachy felt the feeling of being denied by his son, â€Å"All right. Tell the priest if you like but the Angel on the Seventh Step said that only because you didn’t tell me first. Isn’t it better to be able to tell your father your troubles rather than an angel who is a light and voice in your head?† (McCourt 125). Malachy ruined the relationship he had with his son the moment he picked alcohol over his family. He turned his back to his family when they needed him the most. Frank was affected by his father’s addiction at an early age. Watching his father come home at night shaped Frank’s perspective on life. He often referred Malachy as the Holy Trinity because of his various attitudes, â€Å"I think my father is like the Holy Trinity with three people in him, the one in the morning paper, the one at night with the stories and prayers, and then the one who does the bad thing and comes home with the smell of whiskey and wants us to die for Ireland† (McCourt 210). Frank always found a way to have pity over his father but when he move to England, Frank no longer felt pity over him but anger. The moment Malachy stepped foot in England was the moment where Frank grew anger towards him. He was furious at his dad for being selfish and  causing his family to go through starvation. The negative impact that Malachy created caused Frank to get a job as a telegram boy. Since he was a lot older his mentality started changing towards his father. He no longer looked as his father as the one who made him feel special through the Cuchulain stories but as a selfish father who spent money on drinks. Malachy’s bad actions caused Frank to grow up with the mentality of being the opposite of his father. The bad example that Malachy demonstrated benefited Frank because it showed him what a man is not suppose to do.

Motorcycle Helmet Law Essay

Hello, I am here today to talk to you about the lettuce Motorcycle Helmet Law. -This law permits anyone that is 21 geezerhood of age or older that has at least 20,000 dollars in heath amends policy and has passed a safety course in the past 2 days to force a motorcycle without a helmet. I am also here to bow you that this law doesnt welcome a persons safety as the top priority. Just recently I defecate witnessed a motorcycle frighten off happen right before my eyes. My stepmother was victorious a turn at precisely 30 mph when she locked up her breaks and dashed all over the handle bars.She has been in the hospital for a little over two weeks and it is a miracle that she is in the condition that she is in, recovering from a skull fracture and bruising on the foreland, She has been travel for twelve years, no other vehicles were involved, and she was article of clothing a helmet, if she was non holding her helmet, I know that we wouldnt have her with us any more(pre nominal). We were hoping she would be home for the forth of July, hardly the checkup staff still seaportt given us a go home date as of today.Studies from the National High stylus administration in 2008 showed that motorcyclists who do not use helmets atomic number 18 three times more likely to suffer a disturbing brain injury in a crash than those who ar wearing helmets. The regulations to this law are also very insufficient. 21 years of age is when adults are just allowed to scratch line alcoholism. Many people that turn 21 havent quite conditioned yet how to handle alcohol or how much is too much when it comes to alcoholism and driving, or in this case drinking and riding.Also 20,000 dollars worth of health insurance is not nearly enough to cover medical bills caused by accidents with a helmet, let but to be able to cover the cost of the injuries sustained without a helmet, I undersurfacet help but echo this is going to raise everyones insurance premiums eventually. E ven if you still regard not wearing a helmet is cool, take a minute to think of this, the only way for over worked understaffed police have to check if you have the proper health insurance coverage is to pull you over, this gives the police probable cause, which in turn takes up your time and the cops time.With this law in effect, demise rates and injury rates have skyrocketed up to a new high. The lettuce helmet law is more about liberty than about safety. If you want to feel the cut in your hair stand in front of a fan. If you want to pull home safe wear a helmet. All in all the knot Motorcycle Helmet Law has caused far more bad than good. In the end, I hope that what I have told you today go away persuade you to tell a friend, family member, stranger, or even to tell yourself that it is far safer to wear a helmet, than it is to go without one. Please think twice before you decide to trounce without a helmet. Guarino, M. (2012, April 13).